棉花胞质雄性不育细胞形态学观察及生理生化特性的研究  

Morphological Observation and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Cotton Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Cells

作　　者：李玉青 王清连[2] 韦春艳[2] 董涛 陈全家 周瑞阳[3] U Yu-qing;WANG Qing-lian;WEI Chun-yan;DONG Tao;CHEN Quan-jia;ZHOU Rui-yang(College of Agriculture,Xiangjiang Agricultural University,Xinjiang Urumqi 830000,China;Henan Institute of Science and Technology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Modem Biological Breeding of Henan Province,Henan Xinxiang 453003,China;College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Guangxi Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]河南科技学院/现代生物育种河南省协同创新中心,河南新乡453003 [3]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第1期58-63,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划“棉花杂种优势类群创建”(2016YFD0101400)

摘　　要：【目的】细胞质雄性不育是一个优越的杂交优势育种系统。因此,棉花细胞质雄性不育的研究对提高棉花高产有重要的意义。【方法】本试验以细胞质雄性不育系C2P5A为试验材料,保持系C2P5B为对照,利用石蜡切片观察花药不同时期的发育情况,并测定叶、花朵及不同时期花药的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、丙二醛的含量,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)的酶活性及叶片的关合速率。石蜡切片观察不育系的败育时期和败育特点,并分析引起不育系败育的原因。【结果】石蜡切片观察到不育系败育发生在小抱子减数分裂期的四分体时期,不育系内绒毡层没有发育,四分体没有形成;不育系可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氮酸含量及光合速率比保持系低,不育系丙二醛(MDA)含量高于保持系,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)在败育前较低于保持系,过氧化物酶活性在不育系败育时较高。【结论】別起不育系败育的原因可能是绒毡层没有进一步发育,不能给小抱子母细胞提供营养物质。不育系可溶性糖、可溶性舊白含量及光合速率较低,造成营养不足,使小抱子母细胞分化受阻;脯氨酸的含量低,花药抗逆性差,花药容易褐化。不育系丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及过氧化物酶(POD)酶活性的异常,造成细胞内不能及时清除自由基,导致活性氧对细胞膜造成伤害,不利于花药的正常城数分裂。[Objective]Cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)is a superior hybrid breeding system.Therefore,the study on cytoplasmic male sterility of cotton is of great significance for improving cotton yield.[Method]In this paper,cytoplasmic male sterility line C2P5A was test material,the maintainer line C2P5B as control.During different periods,the anther development was observed by paraffin section,and the contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein,proline,malondialdehyde(MDA),catalase(CAT)and peroxidase(POD)were determined in leaves,flowers and anthers.ParaSin sections were observed the abortion period and characteristics of sterile lines,and to analyze the causes of abortion.[Result]The paraffin section observed that the sterility line abortion occurred during the tetrad period in the meiosis stage of microspore cells,the tapetum layer did not further develop,and the tetrad did not form.The content of soluble sugar,soluble protein,proline and photosynthetic rate of sterility line were lower than the maintainer,then the content of MDA of the sterility line was higher than the maintainer,the CAT was lower than the maintainer before abortion,and the peroxidase activity was higher than the maintainer during abortion.[Conclusion]The reason for the abortion of sterility line may be that the tapetum was not further developed,and it could not provide nutrients to the microspore mother cells.In the sterility,the soluble sugar,soluble protein content and photosynthetic rate were low that the nutrition was insufficient and the microspore mother cell differentiation was blocked.The content of proline was low resulting th砒the anther resistance was poor and easy to brown;In sterility line,the content of MDA,CAT and POD enzyme activity were abnormal and resulted in the failure of timely scavenging free radicals in cells which causes the active oxygen to cause damage to the cell membrane and injury to anther meiosis.

关 键 词：棉花 细胞质雄性不育 细胞形态学 生理生化特性 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]