海南番木瓜炭疽病病原菌鉴定及其防治药剂筛选  

Pathogens Identification and Fungicide Screening of Papaya Fruit Anthrocnose in Hainan

作　　者：周子骞 李敏[1] 高兆银[1] 王义 洪小雨 李春霞 胡美姣[1] ZHOU Zi-qian;LI Min;GAO Zhao-yin;WANG Yi;HONG Xiao-yu;LI Chun-xia;HU Mei-jiao(Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Hainan Haikou 571101,China;Xuanhua Vacational College of Science&Technology,Hebei Zhangjiakou 075100,China;College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agriculture University,Hubei Wuhan 430070,China;College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Hainan Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口571101 [2]宣化科技职业学院,河北张家口075100 [3]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070 [4]海南大学热带农林学院,海南海日570228

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第1期70-76,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0400904);院创新团队(1630042017027);基本科研业务费专项(2016hzs1J011,hzsjy2017006)

摘　　要：【目的】为了明确番木瓜炭疽病主要病原菌种类及适宜的防治药剂。【方法】从海南采集番木瓜炭疽病病果,采用柯赫氏法则对病原菌进行分离、纯化、致病性测定,根据病原菌的形态特征,结合其rDNA-rrs区域的序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定,并采用生长速率法测定17种杀菌剂对该病原菌生长的抑菌活性。【结果】从分离的炭疽菌中,得到2种强致病菌(代表菌株分别为C1和G1),其中C1菌株与辣椒炭疽菌(Colletotrichum capsici)形态特征相似,G1菌株和胶抱炭疽菌(C.g/oeospcri</es)形态特征相似。通过采用引物ITS1/ITS4对2个病原菌序列扩增并测序,将2个菌株rDNA-ITS序列与GenBank中相关菌株的ITS序列进行同源性比较,发现C1菌株与辣椒炭疽菌(C.capsici)同源性达到了99%,G1菌株与胶抱炭疽菌(C.g/oeospcrides)的同源性同样达到99%。【结论】500 mg/mL咪鲜胺水分散粒剂对2菌株的抑菌效果最好,平均EC50值仅为0.03ug/mL,其次为300 mg/mL咯菌睛悬浮剂和250 mg/mL丙环哩乳油,平均EC50值分别为0.04和0.11 jig/mL,确定番木瓜炭疽病主要由辣椒炭疽菌(C.皿/»応)和胶抱炭疽菌(C.gloeospcrides)引起,500 mg/mL咪鲜胺水分散粒剂、300 mg/mL咯菌睛悬浮剂和250 mg/mL丙环哩乳油对番木瓜炭疽菌抑菌效果好。[Objective]The objective of this study is to identify pathogens causing typical anthracnose symptoms of papaya fruit in Hainan province and screen the effective fungicides to control them.[Method]These pathogens are isolated,purified and pathogenicity-tested by Koch's Rule.The pathogens were identified by their morphological characteristics and the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosmal DNA(ITS).The inhibitory activities of 17 fungicides to these two pathogens were determined by the mycelial growth rate method.[Result]The isolate Cl and Colletotrichum capsici had similar morphological characteristics,while the isolate G1 and C.gloeospcrides had similar morphological characteristics.ITS sequences of them were amplified with universal primers of ITS1/ITS4.By sequence comparison with the related sequence in GenBank.It showed that the nucleotide homogeneity of the isolate Cl and C.capsici reached 99%,while the isolate G1 and C.gloeospcrides also reached 99%.The studies of toxicity test showed that 500 mg/mL prochloraz WG had the best inhibition to the mycelial growth of two pathogens,which the average of EC5q values was 0.03 jxg/mL,followed by 300 mg/mL fludioxonil SC and 250 mg/mL propiconazole EC.The average of EC50 values were 0.04 and 0.11|ig/mL.[Conclusion]It is concluded that the pathogens of papaya fruit anthrocnose are caused by C.capsici and C.gloeospcrides.500 mg/mL prochloraz WG,300 mg/mL fludioxonil SC and 250 mg/mL propiconazole EC have efficiently inhibitory effect on anthrocnose of papaya fruit.

关 键 词：番木瓜 炭疽病 辣椒炭疽菌 胶抱炭疽菌 鉴定 杀菌剂 

分 类 号：S668.2[农业科学—果树学]