制度变迁中的冲突与协调——理论发展回顾与探讨  

Conflicts and Coordination in Institutional Changes——Review and Discussions on the Theoretical Development

作　　者：郑文博[1] 丰雷[1] ZHENG Wenbo;FENG Lei(Renmin University of China,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《经济学动态》2020年第1期83-97,共15页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“改革开放以来的中国农村土地制度变迁:中央-地方-农户三者互动关系研究”(16YJA630009);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“土地市场、土地制度对宏观经济的影响机制研究:理论建模及实证检验”(10XNJ006)

摘　　要：主流经济学的传统是侧重生产和交换,忽视冲突和分配对经济效率的影响。近年来这一趋势开始转变。本文基于效率与公平(配置与分配)不可分性,对冲突和协调影响制度变迁的研究进行文献综述,归纳包含冲突与协调的制度变迁模型。研究表明:(1)制度经济学创立伊始,冲突和协调就是其研究主题;历史制度主义应用“间断均衡”概念分析冲突对制度及变迁的影响,公共政策理论则应用这一概念分析政策过程的稳定和变迁。(2)目前尚缺乏一个完整的制度变迁理论。诺思、奈特、鲍尔斯等初步解释了个体、组群内和组群间三种途径影响制度变迁的过程;奥斯特罗姆分析了多层次嵌套制度中的冲突与变迁的内生问题;诺思、阿西莫格鲁研究了不同社会秩序或制度组合如何控制暴力(协调冲突)问题。(3)基于理论分析,可以探讨一个包含国家作用、社会秩序、认知能力、群体冲突的完整的制度变迁理论,并就中国农地制度变迁问题做进一步研究,以解释农地收益分配冲突、冲突影响农地制度变迁以及农地改革协调冲突等实践问题。The tradition of the mainstream economics was to focus on production and exchange,while ignoring the impact of conflicts and distribution on economic efficiency.Recently,this trend has gradually begun to change.Based on the indivisibility of efficiency and equity(i.e.allocation and distribution),this paper reviews the impact of conflicts and coordination on institutional changes,and induces models on institutional changes with conflicts and coordination.It shows that:(1)At the beginning of its establishment,conflicts and coordination were the research subject of institutional economics.Historical institutionalism applied the concept of“punctuated equilibrium”to analyze the impact of interest groups conflicts on institutions and changes,while the theory of public policy applied this concept to analyze the stability of and changes in policy processes.(2)At present,there is still lack of a complete theory of institutional changes that integrates the roles of the state,social order,cognitive ability and group conflicts.North,Knight and Bowles explained the process of institutional changes through three ways:individual,intra-group and inter-group;Ostrom analyzed the inherent problems of conflicts and changes in a multi-level nested system;North and Acemoglu studied how to control violence(coordinate conflicts)in different social orders or institutional combinations.(3)Based on the theoretical analysis,we explore a complete theory of institutional change including the role of the state,social order,cognitive ability and group conflicts,and make further research on the issue of institutional change of rural land in China,in order to explain the conflicts of income distribution,the impact of conflicts on institutional changes and the coordination conflicst of rural land reform.

关 键 词：制度变迁 配置与分配 冲突与协调 利益群体 

分 类 号：F091.349[经济管理—政治经济学] F321.1