构式“要X有X”的共时与历时考察  

The Synchronic and Diachronic Investigation of the "Yao X you X（要X有X）" Construction

作　　者：张爱玲 ZHANG Ai-ling(School of Chinese Linguistics and Literature,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou,Jiangsu,221116)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学文学院

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第2期143-148,共6页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：江西省社会科学青年基金项目“现代汉语构式义浮现的动因与机制研究”（16YY15）

摘　　要：文章以结构主义语言学之“三个平面”理论和认知语言学之构式语法理论为理论框架,基于对CCL、BCC语料库语料的调查分析,描写“要X有X”的语法特征、语义特征、语用特征以及语音特征,从构式对其填项的语义压制等角度对相关特征作出解释,在此基础上追溯构式“要X有X”的历史形成对X的构式压制及其构式化过程。我们发现,构式“要X有X”源于宋代表示假设关系的紧缩复句“要N便有”,其构式化始于元明,发展于清代,彻底完成于早期现代汉语。期间经历了关系词“便”的词汇替换和语境删除,以及V、A对N的异类替换。Guided by the"Three Plane"Theory of structural linguistics and the construction grammar theory of cognitive linguistics,this paper,based on the investigation and analysis of the data from CCL corpus and BCC corpus,described the grammatical,semantic,pragmatic and phonetic features of"yao X you X(要X有X)",and explained relevant features in terms of the semantic constraint of this construction on its constituents.By tracing its history and the constraint of the X constituent,it found that this construction originated from the hypothetical complex sentence"yao+N+bian you(要+N+便有)"in the Song Dynasty,became constructionalized in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,developed in the Qing Dynasty,and completed in early modern Chinese period.In its history,"bian(便)"was replaced by"jiu(就)",the relative"jiu(就)"was deleted in special contexts,and N was replaced by for V and A.

关 键 词：要X有X 共时特征 语义压制 构式化 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]