苦荞薄壳种质的光合特性、淀粉合成与产量形成研究  

Photosynthetic characteristics,starch synthesis and yield formation of thin-shell tartary buckwheat

作　　者：喻武鹃 汪燕[1,2] 梁成刚 廖凯[1] 韦春玉 付全兰 张威 关志秀 YU Wujuan;WANG Yan;LIANG Chenggang;LIAO Kai;WEI Chunyu;FU Quanlan;ZHANG Wei;GUAN Zhixiu(Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China;Guizhou Buckwheat Engineering Technology Research Center,Guiyang 550000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学植物遗传育种研究所,贵阳550001 [2]贵州省荞麦工程技术研究中心,贵阳55000

出　　处：《广西植物》2020年第2期218-225,共8页Guihaia

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31660366,31760419);贵州省自然科学基金(黔科合成果[2019]4336号，黔科合支撑字[2019]2298号，黔科合平台人才[2017]5726，黔科合LH [2017]7359，黔科合LH字[2016]7205，黔科合基础[2016]1107);贵州省教育厅项目(黔教合KY字[2016]131号);贵州省研究生科研立项基金(黔教合YTSCXJH [2018]072);贵州师范大学资助博士科研项目~~

摘　　要：为探索薄壳苦荞的“源-库”关系,提高产量水平,进而指导薄壳苦荞杂交育种。该研究选用杂交薄壳苦荞种质米55为材料,以母本小米荞为对照,对灌浆期的叶片光合特性、籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性与主要农艺和产量性状进行测定分析。结果表明:(1)灌浆期米55叶片净光合速率显著或极显著高于对照。(2)籽粒蔗糖浓度稍低于对照,葡萄糖浓度稍高于对照,均未达到显著差异水平。(3)籽粒腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性高于对照,且前期达到极显著差异水平。(4)籽粒淀粉合成酶活性和淀粉浓度都稍高于对照。(5)米55的株高降低,单株粒数提高,千粒重增加,产量显著提高。上述结果说明增“源”、扩“库”在杂交薄壳苦荞米55上取得一定进展,叶片光合同化能力、单株粒数和千粒重改良是未来薄壳苦荞育种的重要研究方向。In order to explore the relationship of‘source-sink’of thin-shell tartary buckwheat,to improve the yield level,and to guide the crossbreeding of thin-shell tartary buckwheat,a hybrid thin-shell germplasm of tartary buckwheat(M55)was selected as study object.Leaf photosynthetic characteristics,key enzymes activity of starch synthesis,major agronomic and yield traits during grain filing were measured and analyzed with female parent of Xiaomiqiao as the control(CK).The results were as follows:(1)The net photosynthetic rate in leaves of M55 was significantly or extremely significantly higher than CK during grain filling.(2)The sucrose concentrations in grains of M55 were slightly lower without statistic diffe-rences,while the glucose concentrations were slightly higher without statistic differences,compared to CK.(3)The activities of ADPGase in grains of M55 were higher than CK,noticing that an extremely significant differences was determined in grains at early grain filling stage.(4)Moreover,both SS activity and starch concentration of M55 were slightly higher than CK during grain filling.(5)The plant height of M55 was lower than CK,while the grain number per plant and 1000-grain weight were increased,and the yield increased significantly.The above results showed that the improvement of‘source’and‘sink’was partly achieved in M55,the capacity of leaf photosynthesis,grain number per plant and 1000-grain weight per plant were proposed to increase the yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat in further research.

关 键 词：杂交薄壳苦荞 净光合速率 腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶 淀粉合成酶 产量 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]