不同萌发期龙葵的生长和繁殖特性比较  

Comparison of Growth and Reproduction of Black Nightshade( Solanum nigrum L. ) Plants Emerging at Different Times

作　　者：马小艳[1] 任相亮[1] 姜伟丽[1] 胡红岩[1] 马亚杰[1] 王丹[1] 宋贤鹏 马艳[1] MA Xiao-yan;REN Xiang-liang;JIANG Wei-li;HU Hong-yan;MA Ya-jie;MA Yan(Institute of Cotton Research,CAAS/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Science,Anyang 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《杂草学报》2019年第3期13-18,共6页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(编号:31701353)

摘　　要：龙葵为我国农田常见杂草之一,了解其生活史可以为其有效防除提供理论依据。2015年利用盆栽试验,设置了4、5、6、7、8、9月份共6个不同的杂草萌发期处理,研究不同萌发时期对龙葵生长和繁殖的影响。结果表明,龙葵的萌发期显著影响其各项生长和繁殖指标。4月份萌发的龙葵始终保持生长优势,株高和茎直径在整个生长季节均高于晚萌发的植株,且植株干重也随着萌发时期的推迟而降低,与7—8月份萌发的植株相比,4—5月份萌发的龙葵所产的球果较大,且单个球果内的种子数也较多,然而其种子千粒重却较小。因此,在进行龙葵防除时,应及时铲除早期萌发的个体,以有效减少杂草种子形成,从而避免来年杂草的进一步蔓延。Black nightshade is one of the worst agricultural weeds in China.A better understanding of its life cycle will facilitate weed management.A field experiment was carried out in 2015 to determine the effect of emergence times(April,May,June,July,August,and September)on weed growth and reproduction.Both growth and reproduction were significantly affected by time of emergence.Plants emerging early(in April)in the growing season,were significantly taller and produced higher biomass than those emerging later.The earliest emergence of black nightshade in April resulted in the highest seed production,with 3478 berries and 134972 seeds per plant.Delayed emergence resulted in less seed production;most black nightshade plants that emerged in September failed to flower or set seed.Plants that emerged in April and May produced larger berries and more seeds per berry,but less thousand seed weight,than individuals emerging in July and August.The information gained from this study indicate that weed management strategies should focus on the early emerging seedlings to effectively prevent seed production and thus reduce further infestation in coming seasons.

关 键 词：萌发期 龙葵 生长 繁殖 杂草种子库 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]