2015尼泊尔地震后加德满都谷地世界文化遗产破坏特征  

Damage characteristics of the world cultural heritages in Kathmandu Valley after 2015 Nepal earthquake

作　　者：张景科[1,2] 李卷强 谌文武 方云[3] 郭青林[4] 徐文立[5] ZHANG Jingke;LI Juanqiang;CHEN Wenwu;FANG Yun;GUO Qinglin;XU Wenli(School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Research Center of Silk Road Economic Belt,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Faculty of Engineering,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites(Dunhuang Academy),Jiuquan 736200,China;Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics and Engineering,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学土木工程与力学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州大学丝绸之路经济带研究中心,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,湖北武汉430074 [4]国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心(敦煌研究院),甘肃酒泉736200 [5]中国岩石力学与工程学会,北京100029

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2019年第6期19-31,共13页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“一带一路”专项基金重点项目资助(lzujbky-2016-br02);甘肃省基础研究创新群体项目资助(145RJIF336)

摘　　要：2015尼泊尔地震对加德满都谷地的世界文化遗产造成不可估量的损失。为了探究谷地文化遗产震害整体分布特征,对谷地世界文化遗产建筑的震害状况开展实地调查,划分了三类文化遗产震害等级标准,形成了六处世界文化遗产的震害图并对其进行统计分析,加德满都、帕坦和巴德岗三处杜巴广场震后保存基本完好的文化遗产建筑占各自总数的39.5%、53.3%、50%,斯瓦扬布纳特寺、昌谷纳拉扬寺和博达哈大佛塔主体保存基本完好,附属建筑不同程度地破坏。加德满都、帕坦和巴德岗三处杜巴广场地层的松软沉积层放大地震效应使建筑严重破坏,斯瓦扬布纳特寺、昌谷纳拉扬寺震害主要受地形特征影响。考察成果为我国同类遗产建筑的抗震防护提供参考。The 2015 Nepal earthquake caused immeasurable damage to the world cultural heritage sites in Kathmandu Valley. In order to explore the overall distribution and characteristics of this damage, a field investigation was carried out on the seismic damage to the world cultural heritage buildings in the valley, including establishment of three categories of damage. Seismic damage maps of six world cultural heritage sites were created and then analyzed statistically. In the three Durbar(royal palace) Squares of Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur, 39.5%, 53.3% and 50.0%, respectively, of the cultural heritage buildings were basically well-preserved. The main bodies of Swayambhunath, the Great Boudha Stupa and Changu Narayan Temple were basically well-preserved, but the affiliated buildings were damaged to varying degrees. The soft sediments present in Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur Durbar Squares amplified the earthquake effect, causing serious damage to buildings. The seismic damage in Swayambhunath and Changu Narayan Temple was mainly influenced by topographic features. These research results provide reference for seismic protection of similar heritage buildings in China.

关 键 词：尼泊尔地震 世界文化遗产 震害分布 震害特征 

分 类 号：TU352.11[建筑科学—结构工程]