农田栽培人参主要农艺性状及皂苷含量相关分析  

Correlative analysis of agronomic traits and quality of Panax ginseng saponins cultivation in farmland

作　　者：沈亮[1] 徐江[1] 胡灏禹 胡鑫 张元科 李西文[1] 朱广伟[1] 董林林[1] 张乃嘦 近藤健儿 陈士林[1] SHEN Liang;XU Jiang;HU Hao-yu;HU Xin;ZHANG Yuan-ke;LI Xi-wen;ZHU Guang-wei;DONG Lin-lin;ZHANG Nai-wu;Kondo Ken-ji;CHEN Shi-lin(Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;College of Pharmacy,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,China;China Medico Corporation,Tianjin 300301,China;Tsumura&Co.,Tokyo 107-8521,Japan)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]湖北中医药大学药学院,湖北武汉430065 [3]盛实百草药业有限公司,天津300301 [4]日本国株式会社津村,东京107-8521

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2019年第23期5124-5128,共5页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1702100);国家自然科学基金项目(81503469);中国博士后科学基金项目(2017M611128)

摘　　要：农田栽参已成为人参种植产业的主要发展方向,但我国适宜农田栽培的人参品种相对较少。该研究采用常规测量法和超高效液相色谱法测定四至六年生人参农家类型大马牙的农艺性状和皂苷含量,同时开展人参农艺性状与其皂苷含量相关分析,为农田栽参优良种质选育提供科学依据。结果表明大马牙单株种质各农艺指标差异较大,其中根长(CV=41. 97%)和鲜重(CV=31. 81%)变异系数最大,而茎粗(CV=16. 72%)和根粗(CV=16. 31%)变异系数最小,相关分析表明人参单株产量与其根粗显著正相关(P<0. 05)。不同年限农田人参单位产量差异显著(P<0. 05),其中六年生人参比四年生人参增产31. 52%~39. 69%;四至六年生人参总皂苷含量差异不显著,但Rb2、Rc和Rg2含量差异显著(P<0. 05),各样品人参皂苷含量均达到2015年版《中国药典》规定,相关分析表明四至六年生农田人参单位产量与茎粗显著正相关(P<0. 05),但人参各样品农艺性状与皂苷含量不相关。因此,人参产量与主茎呈显著正相关性,选择主茎较粗的人参种苗进行移栽,有利于提高农田人参产量,加速品种选育进程。Cultivated ginseng in the farmland would become the mainly planting mode of Panax ginseng. However,there are relatively few cultivation ginseng varieties for farmland in China. Correlative analysis of qualitity and agronomic traits of P. ginseng cultivation in the farmland could provide a reference for the selection of excellent germplasm and new variety breeding of P. ginseng. In this study,the main index of saponin and agronomic traits of 4-6 years’ samples were analyzed by UPLC and measured. The results show that there was significant difference in agronomic indexes of Damaya. The coefficient of variation of the root length( CV = 41. 97%) and fresh weight( CV = 31. 81%) were maximum,and the coefficient of variation of the stems thickness( 16. 72%) and root thickness were minimum. There was a significant correlation between yield and root thickness( P<0. 05). There was significant difference in drug yield of different harvest years( P<0. 05),and the yield of 6-years was 31. 52%-39. 69% higher than 4-years. However,there wasn’t significant difference in total ginsenosides between 4 and 6 years old P. ginseng,but there was significant difference in ginseng Rg2,Rc and Rb2( P<0. 05),and the ginsenoside contents of different harvesting years were accorded with the criterion standards of 2015 Chinese Pharmacopoeia. There was no significant correlation between the saponin and the agronomic trait,while there was positive correlation with root thickness( P < 0. 05). Therefore,the stem diameter was positive correlation with yield of P. ginseng. Selection of the stem thickness of seedlings is beneficial to the increase of the yield and breeding of P. ginseng.

关 键 词：农田栽参 农艺性状 人参皂苷 相关分析 

分 类 号：S567.51[农业科学—中草药栽培] R284.1[农业科学—作物学]