2005-2018年甘肃省庆阳市流行性乙型脑炎流行特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis,Qingyang,Gansu,2005-2018

作　　者：惠跃龙[1] 李金铖[1] 樊婧玉 孟淑娟[1] 刘贝琴 HUI Yue-long;LI Jin-cheng;FAN Jing-yu;MENG Shu-juan;LIU Bei-qin(Qingyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Qingyang,Gansu 745000,China)

机构地区：[1]庆阳市疾病预防控制中心,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2020年第5期772-775,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治项目(2017ZX10103006)。

摘　　要：目的分析庆阳市流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)的流行特征,为制定乙脑防控策略提供依据。方法对2005-2018年庆阳市报告的乙脑病例数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2005-2018年庆阳市共报告乙脑病例119例,年均报告发病率0.37/10万(0~3.06/10万);死亡11例,病死率11.46%。发病覆盖范围逐年扩大,南部县区发病率(5.53/10万)较北部县区(0.63/10万)高。病例集中在7-9月份,8月份最多(63.87%);病例年龄中位数为59岁(4~84岁),45岁以上年龄人群发病数最多,占74.79%;职业以农民为主,占88.24%;98.32%的病例无明确的疫苗免疫史。结论庆阳市乙脑发病率南部县区高于北部县区,主要发病人群为农村居住的中老年人,绝大多数病例无免疫史。应及时调整防控策略,提高成人乙脑疫苗接种率,加强农村地区环境卫生整治和农村居民的健康宣教。Objective To provide evidence for formulating Japanese Encephalitis(JE)prevention and control strategies by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of JE in Qingyang City.Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed on the data of JE cases reported in Qingyang City from 2005 to 2018.Results A total of 119 cases of JE were reported in Qingyang City from 2005 to 2018.The annual average incidence rate was 0.37/100,000(0~3.06/100,000);11 patients died,and the fatality rate was 11.46%.The incidence coverage is expanding year by year.The incidence rate in the southern counties(5.53/100,000)is higher than that in the northern counties(0.63/100,000).The cases were concentrated from July to September with the largest number in August(63.87%).The median age of the cases was 59(4~84 years old),and the highest incidence was found among people over 45 years old,accounting for 74.79%.They were mainly farmers,accounting for 88.24%.98.32%of patients have no clear history of vaccine immunization.Conclusion In Qingyang City,the incidence of JE in southern counties is higher than that in northern counties.The main affected population is middle-aged and elderly people living in rural areas.The vast majority of patients have no history of immunization.The prevention and control strategies should be adjusted in a timely manner to improve the vaccination rate of JE vaccine in adults and strengthen environmental sanitation in rural areas and health education for rural residents.

关 键 词：流行性乙型脑炎 流行特征 分析 

分 类 号：R512.32[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]