马克思主义中“物”的构成性问题探究  

An Enquiry Concerning the Constitution of Things in Marxism

作　　者：张兵 ZHANG Bing

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2020年第1期110-119,221,222,共12页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17CZX001);陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(19SZYB20)

摘　　要：物的构成性问题是马克思主义发展史中对物进行哲学式阐释的一个关键问题。马克思主义关于物的客观实在的论断往往被后来的研究者误认为教条主义的独断论与素朴实在论,进而主张代之以关于物的“先验主体构成论”。这种观点同时也激发了马克思主义者关于物的被构成性问题的探究。当然,这种探究不再是从认知主体或纯粹意识出发,而是从实践主体或对象化活动出发去揭示物的丰富内涵,肯定了物在实践意义上的被构成性维度以及在传统表述中被隐藏的能构性维度。马克思主义中的物是人以实践姿态生活于其中的、作为彼此有机关联的物的整体,作为这一整体的物的世界,不同于科学研究意义上的自然界概念,应被理解为“人们之间的物的关系”与“物之间的社会关系”相交织的整体,从而毫无疑义地成为马克思主义的存在论根基。The constitution of things is a key issue with regards to the philosophical interpretations of things in the history of Marxist development.Marxism statement of things’objective reality is usually mistaken by later researchers as dogmatism and naive realism w hich should be replaced by the theory of transcendental subject-constituting developed by modern western philosophy.The notion of transcendental subject-constituting has inspired Marxists to explore the constitutive problems of thing rather from the subject in practice or objectified activities than from the knowing subject or pure consciousness to affirm the constituted dimension of things in the practical sense and disclose the constituting dimension of things hidden in the traditional expression.Thus,for Marxism,the fundamental meaning of things should be under-stood as an organic totality in w hich things are connected to each other and in the same practical way human being as practitioner connected to other things.It is a totality in w hich the material relations among persons is intertwined with the social relations among things.Undoubtedly,such total world of things understood in the way of practical sense provides the foundation of Marxist ontology.

关 键 词：物的构成性 非-被构成性 马克思主义 物的整体 对象化活动 

分 类 号：B02[哲学宗教—哲学理论]