清代职官的复杂等次及相关问题  

The Complicated Hierarchy and Related Problems of Qing Dynasty Officials

作　　者：杜家骥 Du Jiaji

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2020年第1期10-22,共13页History Teaching

摘　　要：清代职官,除了品级,还有诸多的等次,如较高档次者为"大臣"。同品级者,京官高于外官、文官高于武官。同品级的同一职官,有左右、前后差别。同品级官,因所在衙门不同,而有等次之别,文职三四品京官,还有大三品、大四品之类的大小之分。同一职官,因设在不同衙门而品级不同。中央机构的堂官(长官)之间有档次及同档次中的等次差别。还有诸如大九卿、小九卿之分,等等。这些等次之多,体现了清代职官制度的细致及其复杂性,有的还关系官员的特权、选官制度。同时也存在某些问题,比如同一机构的堂官与属员司官档次差别较大,在因才选官上存在不合理问题。清代与职官等次有关的现象还出现某些重要变化,如京官高于外官的传统差别,在清代中期以后的官场观念中有所改变,有的官员追求外任。官场中的这种价值观,对于官员选任制度也有所冲击。Qing dynasty official, besides grade, still have a lot of rank. These so many ranks reflected the Qing dynasty official system were meticulous and complex. And also related to the privileges of officials, the selection system. It also lead to some problems, such as the unreasonable problem in the selection of officials. In Qing dynasty, some changes showed on the phenomena related to the rank of officials. For example, the traditional concept that capital officials better than outside port officials changed in the mid-qing dynasty.

关 键 词：官员等次 京官 外官 选官 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]