不同质地土壤细菌多样性对玉米秸秆还田配施腐熟剂的响应  

Response of Bacterial Diversities of Soil with Different Textures to Corn Straw Returning to Field Combined with Straw Decomposing Inoculants

作　　者：杨恒山[1] 萨如拉[1] 邰继承[1] 高聚林[2] 李媛媛[1] 于宗波 王丽娟 YANG Heng-shan;SA Ru-la;TAI Ji-cheng;GAO Ju-lin;LI Yuan-yuan;YU Zong-bo;WANG Li-juan(Agricultural College,Inner Mongolia University for Naiionalities/Engineering Research Center of Feed Crops in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Tongliao 028000,China;Agricultural College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院/内蒙古自治区饲用作物工程技术研究中心,内蒙古通辽028042 [2]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《土壤通报》2019年第6期1352-1360,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFD0300805）;内蒙古自然基金面上项目（2018MS03059）;内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目（NJZY18162）;内蒙古自治区级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（201810136005）

摘　　要：为因地制宜鉴选适宜的秸秆腐熟剂,在西辽河平原灌区选择秸秆还田的中壤土和砂壤土连作玉米地,分别配施中农绿康腐熟剂、人元腐熟剂和农富康腐熟剂,以秸秆还田不施腐熟剂为对照,在玉米吐丝期取0~15 cm、15~30 cm、30~45 cm土层样品,采用高通量测序技术,研究不同质地土壤秸秆还田配施腐熟剂下土壤细菌群落结构多样性。结果表明,中壤土和砂壤土秸秆还田配施腐熟剂后均增加了0~45 cm土层细菌特有OTU数。其中,中壤土、砂壤土配施农富康腐熟剂以及中壤土配施人元腐熟剂和砂壤土配施中农绿康腐熟剂效果更为明显。土壤优势菌种均由α-变形菌(Alphaproteobacteria)转变为δ-变形菌(Deltaproteobacteria)纲,均增加β-变形菌纲相对丰度。中壤土配施农富康腐熟剂使0~15 cm土层芽单胞菌(Gemmatimonadetes)、Subgroup6和亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonadaceae)相对丰度减少,但增加了鞘氨醇单胞菌丰度;而在砂壤土0~15 cm中增加了Nitrosomonadaceae相对丰度。中壤土施用中农绿康和农富康腐熟剂土壤细菌多样性差异显著;中壤土和砂壤土配施中农绿康腐熟剂细菌多样性差异显著;砂壤土配施中农绿康和人元腐熟剂土壤细菌多样性差异显著;砂壤土配施中农绿康腐熟剂显著改变土壤细菌多样性。对各组土壤细菌多样性差异发挥显著性作用细菌有Alphaproteobacteria,Subgroup6,鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas),蓝细菌(Cyanobacteria),c-chloroplast,Gemmatimonadetes,酸杆菌(Acidobacteria)和Blastocatellia。中壤土秸秆还田表层和深层土壤细菌群落功能基因在代谢途径上存在差异;表层土壤常规营养物质代谢活性与微量物质代谢活性均要强于深层。中壤土配施三种腐熟剂的表层土壤功能基因丰度不同;砂壤土秸秆还田配施腐熟剂改变15~30 cm土层细菌功能,显著提高代谢途径基因数量,尤以中农绿康腐熟剂较为明显。不同质地土壤细菌多样In order to select suitable decomposing inoculants according to local conditions,maize straw was returned to the continuous cropping fields with the middle loam and sandy loam combined with the application of Zhongnonglukang,Renyuan,and Nongfukang decomposing inoculants and taking no decomposing inoculant as control in the irrigation area of the West Liaohe Plain.Soil samples were collected from 0-15 cm,15-30 cm and 30-45 cm during the silking stage of maize.The diversities of soil bacterial community structure were studied under straw returning to soil with different textures combined with straw decomposing inoculants by using the high-throughput sequencing technique.The results showed that the number of bacterial OTU in 0-45 cm soil layer was increased in both middle loam and sandy loam soils after straw returning to the field with decomposing inoculants.The Nongfukang decomposing inoculant in the middle loam and sandy loam soils and Renyuan decomposing inoculant in the middle loam and sandy loam soils showed obvious effects on OUT numbers.The dominant soil bacteria at the class level were transformed from Alphaproteobacteria to Deltaproteobacteria and the relative abundance of Deltaproteobacteria was increased.The relative abundances of Gemmatimonadetes,Subgroup6 and Nitrosomonadaceae in 0~15 cm soil layer were decreased,but that of Nitrosomonadaceae was increased after applying Nongfukang decomposing inoculant in the middle loam soil.There was a significant difference in soil bacterial diversity between Zhongnonglukang and Fukang decomposing inoculants in the middle loam soil.The soil bacterial diversity with the application of Zhongnonglukang decomposing inoculant was significantly different between the middle loam and sandy loam soils.Application of Zhongnonglukang decomposing agent to the sandy loam soil changed bacterial diversity significantly.The Alphaproteobacteria,Subgroup6,Sphingomonas,Cyanobacteria,c-chloroplast,Gemmatimonadetes,Acidobacteria and Blastocatellia played significant roles in the differ

关 键 词：中壤土 砂壤土 玉米秸秆还田 秸秆腐熟剂 细菌多样性 

分 类 号：S154.37[农业科学—土壤学]