不同温度热解牛骨炭对菜园土壤磷素转化及小白菜产量的影响  

Effects of Bovine Bone CarbonChar Pyrolyedat Different Temperatures on Phosphorus Transformation and Bioavailability of Vegetable Soil

作　　者：郭文杰 邵前前 杜健 唐嫚 李文健 吕进 卞荣军[1,2] 郑聚锋 潘根兴[1,2] GUO Wen-jie;SHAO Qian-qian;DU Jian;TANG Man;LI Wen-jian;LV Jin;BIAN Rong-jun;ZHENG Ju-Feng;PAN Gen-xing(Institute of Resource,Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture,Center of Biomass and Green Engineering Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Institute of Science and Technology for Bioeconomy,Jinhua 321000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所/生物质绿色工程技术中心,江苏南京210095 [2]金华生物质产业科技研究院,浙江金华321000

出　　处：《土壤通报》2019年第6期1391-1399,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发项目（2017YFD0200802）;国家自然科学基金（41877097）资助

摘　　要：生物质废弃物热解炭化及生物质炭农业应用已经成为全球废弃物安全处理与养分资源循环利用的前沿方向。动物骨骼炭对土壤磷素组分及生物有效性的影响尚不清楚。收集了某市厨余废弃牛骨,采用500℃、600℃和700℃三个温度梯度进行热解炭化制备成牛骨炭,并将其添加到已采集的菜园土中进行小白菜盆栽试验,对比研究了牛骨炭和磷肥施用对菜园土壤小白菜产量、磷组分含量及其有效性的影响。研究结果表明:(1)不同温度热解牛骨炭能够明显改善土壤性质与养分状况。与对照相比,施用牛骨炭的土壤pH提高了0.5个单位,CEC和全磷含量分别显著增加了9.6%和7.4%,活性磷组分和钙结合态磷含量显著提高、分别提高了20.5%和54.2%,不同温度热解牛骨炭处理间无显著差异。(2)牛骨炭显著增加土壤磷酸酶的活性,与对照相比,不同温度热解牛骨炭处理磷酸酶活性分别提高了26.8%、31.9%和35.2%。(3)不同温度热解牛骨炭显著增加小白菜产量和磷素利用率。与对照相比,添加三个温度(500℃、600℃和700℃)制备的牛骨炭使小白菜产量显著增加了42.6%、51.5%和68.8%,磷素当季利用率是过磷酸钙处理的两倍以上;与磷酸氢二铵和过磷酸钙相比,施用牛骨炭使小白菜产量增加10%~30%,且磷素利用率增加15%~25%。综合来看,700℃热解牛骨炭在改善土壤性质、提高生产力和磷素利用率的效果最优。The pyrolysis and carbonization of biomass waste and its application in agriculture have become the study frontier of waste disposal and nutrient recycling in the world.However,little information was available on the effect of bovine bone char on soil phosphorus(P)fractions and bioavailability.Bovine bones in kitchen waste from a city were collected,and a series of pyrolysis carbonization was carried out at 500℃,600℃and 700℃(abbreviated as BC500,BC600 and BC700,respectively)using an experimental carbonization machine.The gained bovine bone char was added to the typical vegetable soil in a pot experiment of pakchoi and the difference in pakchoi yield,soil P fractions and bioavailability were compared between the bovine bone char and P fertilizer treatments.Results showed that:(1)Bovine bone char at different temperatures significantly improved soil properties.Compared with CK,soil pH,CEC,contents of total P,active P and calcium-bound P were increased by 0.5 units,9.6%,7.4%,20%and 54%,respectively.And there were no significant differences among the treatments of bovine bone char at different temperatures.(2)Compared to CK,BC500,BC600 and BC700 significantly increased soil acid phosphatase activities by 26.8%,31.9%and 35%,respectively.(3)Compared to CK,the yield of pakchoi was increased by 42.6%,51.5%and 68.8%under the treatments of BC500,BC600 and BC700,respectively.Phosphate agronomy utilization rate(PAUR)in the treatments of bovine bone char was more than twice that of calcium superphosphate(CSP)treatment.Compared to diammonium hydrogen phosphate(DHP)and CSP,the yield of Pakchoi was increased by 10%-30%,the PAUR was increased by 15%-25%under the treatments of bovine bone char at different temperatures.In conclusion,bovine bone char pyrolyzed at 700℃had the best effects on improving soil properties,productivity and P use efficiency.

关 键 词：牛骨炭 菜园土 小白菜 磷组分 磷素有效性 

分 类 号：S143.2[农业科学—肥料学]