尿素和生物炭施用对菜地土壤氨氧化作用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Biochar Amendment on Ammonia Oxidization in Vegetable Soils

作　　者：方明 任天志 李洁 赖欣 王知文 张贵龙 FANG Ming;REN Tian-zhi;LI Jie;LAI Xin;WANG Zhi-wen;ZHANG Gui-long(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture,Tianjin 300191,China;College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [2]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《土壤通报》2019年第6期1400-1408,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题（2018YFD0800404）;中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项（2018-aepi）资助

摘　　要：研究将生物炭(40000 kg hm-2)和不同用量的尿素(0,150,300,450 kg hm-2)施用于酸性红壤中,连续种植四季作物后采集菜地土壤样品,通过定量PCR方法测定添加硝化抑制剂后土壤氨氧化微生物数量和土壤氨氧化潜势的变化,并分析氨氧化古菌(AOA)和氨氧化细菌(AOB)对土壤氨氧化潜势的相对贡献,深入探讨生物炭和氮肥添加对菜地土壤氨氧化微生物和氨氧化潜势的影响。结果表明,与未添加生物炭相比,添加生物炭处理土壤容重降低了7.1%~11.5%,pH值提高了0.20~0.56个单位,有机质含量增加了13.5%~19.1%;与未施氮肥处理相比,无机氮的含量增加了38.5%~77.8%(未添加生物炭)和17.1%~59.5%(添加生物炭)。添加生物炭和氮肥处理AOA的基因拷贝数没有显著差异(P>0.05),氮肥添加提高了AOB的基因拷贝数147.5%~385.6%(未添加生物炭)和69.5%~514.0%(添加生物炭)。添加生物炭处理,随氮肥施用量的增加,氨氧化潜势降低了13.4%~20.7%。因此,本研究中氮肥添加使AOB的amoA基因拷贝数显著增加、氨氧化潜势显著下降,对AOA没有显著影响(P>0.05);AOA对氨氧化潜势起到了主导作用;生物炭和尿素添加通过改变土壤的无机氮含量、pH、有机质含量影响土壤氨氧化过程。This study investigated the effects of biochar(40000 kg hm-2)and nitrogen(N)fertilizer addition(0,150,300,450 kg hm-2)on soil ammonia oxidizing microorganisms(AOMs)and potential ammonia oxidation(PAO)in vegetable soil.Soil AOMs were determined with quantitative PCR method.The soil samples was collected after continuous planting of four season crops.The change of PAO after adding nitrification inhibitor was measured and the relative contributions of ammonia oxidizing archaea(AOA)and ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB)to POA were analyzed.The results showed that the addition of biochar and N fertilizer significantly reduced soil bulk density by7.1%-11.5%,and increased soil pH value by 0.20-0.56 unit and organic matter(SOM)content by 13.5%-19.1%,compare with the treatment of no biochar amendment;inorganic N content by 38.5%-77.8%(no biochar amendments)and 17.1%-59.5%(biochar amendments),compare with the treatments of no nitrogen application.There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in the AOA gene copy numbers among different treatments.The application of N fertilizer significantly increased the AOB amo A gene copy numbers by 147.5%-385.6%(no biochar amendments)and 69.5%-514.0%(biochar amendments).The PAO was decreased significantly by 13.4%-20.7%with the increase of N fertilizer amount combined with the biochar addition.In short,the N fertilizer addition significantly increased the amo A gene copies numbers of AOB,had no significant effect on those of AOA(P>0.05)and decreased the PAO.AOA played a dominant role in the PAO.Biochar and N addition changed the contents of soil inorganic N,SOM and pH value,and further affected soil ammonia oxidation.

关 键 词：生物炭 氨氧化微生物 氨氧化潜势 

分 类 号：S15&3[农业科学—土壤学]