4个玉米品种抗逆性的比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of Resistance to Abiotic Stresses in Four Maize Hybrids

作　　者：郝俊杰[1] 李永强[1] 刘佳中[1] 谢淑娜[1] 王新涛 丁俊强[3] 叶建荣[4] 宋晓 郝国太 HAO Jun-jie;LI Yong-qiang;LIU Jia-zhong(Plant Protection Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省农业科学院作物设计中心,河南郑州450002 [3]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002 [4]中国农业大学国家玉米改良中心,北京1001934 [5]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,郑州450002 [6]孟州市农业技术推广中心,河南孟州454750

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第5期43-47,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301104;2018YFD 0300708)

摘　　要：[目的]优良的高产品种通常被证明对生物和非生物逆境、营养元素的配置利用及变化的环境具有较强的抗(耐)性和适应性。[方法]以4个玉米杂交种郑单958、先玉335、鼎优919和伟科702为材料,对其抗倒性、不同温度下的花粉活性、抗旱棚内的全程干旱胁迫及不同氮处理(0和150 kg/hm^2)进行测定和调查,比较分析和评价品种间抗逆性的差异。[结果]成熟期抗倒性的结果表明,不同玉米品种的抗倒能力由高到低依次为鼎优919、郑单958、伟科702、先玉335,其中鼎优919的倒伏率最低,抗倒性最强。不同温度下花粉活力的试验结果表明,先玉335花粉对高温最敏感,鼎优919和郑单958表现较强的抗高温特性。干旱胁迫试验结果表明,先玉335对干旱最敏感,鼎优919、郑单958和伟科702表现出中等的抗旱能力。低氮胁迫的结果表明,鼎优919和先玉335表现出较强的氮利用能力和中等的耐低氮能力,伟科702两项指标均为中等,郑单958为弱。[结论]该研究结果为品种的推广利用、抗逆品种选育和改良提供了参考。[Objective]High yielding varieties with proven tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses,superior nutritional profiles,and the ability to adapt to the changing environment are needed for continued agricultural sustainability.The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare four maize hybrids with contrasting abiotic-resistant phenotypic traits and to characterize how the phenotypic differences contribute to the development and deployment.[Method]Four maize varieties Zhengdan 958,Xianyu 335,Dingyou 919 and Weike702,were used to systematically study their resistance to abiotic stresses of loading,high temperature,drought and low nitrogen.[Result]The results of loading showed that the order of the loading-resistance capacity was in the ordev of Dingyou 919,Zhengdan 958,Weike 702,Xianyu 335 at ripe stage,and among them,Dingyou 919 had the lowest loading rate.Dingyou 919 and Zhengdan 958 had a higher resistance to high temperature according to the pollen viability under the different temperature treatments for an hour.And Xianyu 335 was the most sensitive to high temperature and drought stresses.However,the three varieties,Dingyou 919,Zhengdan 958 and Weike 702,all had a medium resistance to drought stress.Under the low nitrogen stress,Dingyou 919 and Xianyu 335 showed a higher nitrogen utilization capacity and a medium tolerance in low nitrogen conditions,and Weike 702 had a medium tolerance to nitrogen utilization capacity and tolerance low nitrogen capacity.However,Zhengdan 958 was the most sensitive to low nitrogen stress.[Conclusion]This research provides references for the promotion of variety,the breeding and improvement of variety with resistance.

关 键 词：玉米杂交种 非生物逆境 抗逆性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]