便携式X射线荧光光谱法(PXRF)在肥料重金属快速检测中的应用  

Application of Portable X-ray Fluorescence(PXRF) for Rapid Determination of Heavy Metals in Fertilizers

作　　者：万梦雪 胡文友[1] 黄标[1] 董騄睿 WAN Mengxue;HU Wenyou;HUANG Biao;DONG Lurui(Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Nanjing Research Institute of Environmental Protection,Nanjing 210013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]南京市环境保护科学研究院,南京210013

出　　处：《土壤》2019年第6期1137-1143,共7页Soils

基　　金：中国科学院南京土壤研究所“一三五”计划和领域前沿重点项目(ISSAASIP1629);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD05B04);江苏省科技厅重大科技示范项目(BE2016812)资助

摘　　要：为了探讨一种简单快捷的肥料重金属含量测定方法,本文采用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪(PXRF)测定了我国典型设施农业生产区肥料中As、Pb、Cu、Zn和Cr的含量,并与常规实验室方法的测定值进行比较,以验证PXRF法测定结果的准确性。结果表明:①PXRF对土壤标准物质中As、Pb、Cu、Zn的测定值与标准值之间的相对标准偏差和相对误差均小于10%,表明该仪器测定As、Pb、Cu、Zn的精密度和准确度较好;②肥料中重金属PXRF法测定的检出限均低于相应的国家或行业标准。当含量超过检出限时,有机肥和无机肥中As、Pb、Cu、Zn和Cr常规实验室方法测定值与PXRF法测定值间均达到了极显著相关,R2在0.70~0.99;③PXRF法的检测成本仅为常规仪器的10%?20%,节省了前处理的时间和费用。因此,PXRF法可用于肥料中重金属含量的快速检测与评价。In order to explore a simple and rapid method for determination of heavy metals in fertilizers, the application of portable X-ray Fluorescence(PXRF) for determination of As, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cr in fertilizers from typical greenhouse vegetable production areas in China was evaluated. The concentrations of the selected heavy metals determined by PXRF and conventional laboratory analysis were compared to verify its feasibility. The results showed that: 1) The relative standard deviation and relative error between the PXRF measured values and the values of the standard materials were less than 10%, with the good precision and accuracy. 2) The determined limits of heavy metals in fertilizers using PXRF were lower than relative standard values. When the heavy metal contents were above the detection limits, the values of As, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cr in organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers detected by PXRF and laboratory analysis had significant correlations, with the R2 between 0.70 and 0.99. 3) The cost of PXRF is only 10% – 20% of conventional laboratory analysis, with no pretreatment time and the cost of laboratory analysis. In general, PXRF is a valuable tool for rapid detection of heavy metals in fertilizers and identification of the fertilizers with the heavy metals exceeded the relative quality standards.

关 键 词：便携式X射线荧光光谱仪 肥料 重金属 精密度和准确度 检测限 快速测定 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]