真菌遗传学方法研究进展  

Research Progress on Fungal Genetic Methods

作　　者：龚玉林 贺丹[1] 卫芸芸 赵卜司 王丽[1] GONG Yulin;HE Dan;WEI Yunyun;ZHAO Busi;WANG Li(Department of Pathogenic Biology,College of Basic Medical Sciences,Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学基础医学院病原生物学系

出　　处：《菌物研究》2019年第3期173-179,共7页Journal of Fungal Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81772162,U170428)

摘　　要：真菌是一种数量种类庞大的真核生物,广泛存在于环境之中,在农业、工业和医学领域发挥着极其重要的作用。研究其遗传信息、解析相关基因功能及其通路,将更好地服务于人类发展需求。近年来,随着各种遗传学研究方法的不断改进与创新,各种方法技术逐步成熟。根据机制的不同,可分为正向遗传学与反向遗传学两类。正向遗传学是由表及里的研究方法,通过其表型的改变进而研究其基因变化。反向遗传学是由里及表的研究方法,通过基因分析后进行基因的定向敲除,然后研究其表型变化。真菌种类繁多,各种研究方法的原理也不尽相同,综合各种利弊,选择适当的研究方法有利于提高研究效率。文中根据正向遗传学与反向遗传学的研究状况进行了综述。Fungus is a large number of eukaryotic organisms which have been widely found in the environment and play an extremely important role in agriculture and medicine industry. Fungus could better serve the requirements of human being through studying their genetic information,analyzing related gene functions and their pathways. In recent years,with the continuous improvement and innovation of various genetic research methods,all kinds of techniques have gradually improved. According to their mechanisms of action,these methods can be divided into two types: forward genetics and reverse genetics. Forward genetics is to study the genetic changes of phenotype through the phenotypic changes,and reverse genetics is to analyze genetic and then phenotypic changes through the knockout of genes. There are many kinds of fungi,and the principles of research methods are not identical. It is conducive to improve research efficiency comparing their advantages and disadvantages,and choosing appropriate research methods. This article reviews the research status of forward genetics and reverse genetics.

关 键 词：真菌 遗传方法 转化 正向遗传学 反向遗传学 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学] Q943