2007～2016年上海颗粒物浓度特征与气候背景异同分析  

Characteristics of Aerosol Particulate Concentrations and Their Climate Background in Shanghai During 2007-2016

作　　者：郑庆锋[1] 史军 谈建国[1] 段玉森[3] 林燕芬 徐卫忠[1] ZHENG Qing-feng;SHI Jun;TAN Jian-guo;DUAN Yu-sen;LIN Yan-fen;XU Wei-zhong(Key Laboratory of Cities Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai,Shanghai Climate Center,Shanghai 200030,China;Shanghai Ecological Forecasting and Remote Sensing Center,Shanghai 200030,China;Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市气候中心上海城市气候变化应对重点开放实验室,上海200030 [2]上海市生态气象和卫星遥感中心,上海200030 [3]上海市环境监测中心,上海200030

出　　处：《环境科学》2020年第1期14-22,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502702);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201922);上海市气象局科技研发项目(YJ201804);河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室开放研究基金项目(Z201606Y)

摘　　要：基于上海地区2006~2016年逐日PM10浓度数据以及同期气象要素(风、气温等)、大气稳定度、逆温数据和高空大气环流数据,分析了2007~2016年上海地区颗粒物浓度变化特征和冬季气候背景的异同,并建立多元线性逐步回归方程,同时选取颗粒物高浓度年份和低浓度年份,对比分析高空大气环流形势的差异.结果表明,上海地区颗粒物年平均浓度呈现波动式下降趋势,而冬季呈现出两头高、中间低形态.PM10与平均风速、20:00混合层高度负相关,与偏西北风、20:00稳定类、20:00逆温的出现频率及平均气温正相关.当冬季我国北部500 h Pa高度场合成为正距平,容易形成暖冬,从而引起高浓度颗粒物污染;而当500 h Pa高度场为负距平,容易引起冷空气频繁南下,导致气温偏低,容易造成PM10浓度相对偏低.850 h Pa风场异常为偏东风,且风速偏大,容易造成PM10浓度相对偏低.We use daily aerosol particulate matter < 10 μm( PM10) concentration data from 2006 to 2016 in Shanghai along with meteorological elements( wind and temperature),atmospheric stability,temperature inversion,and upper atmosphere circulation data,to analyze the variation characteristics of the PM10 concentrations and differences of the winter climate background. We establish a multivariate linear stepwise regression equation,and also compare and analyze differences in the upper atmospheric circulation by selecting the years with the highest and lowest PM10 concentrations. The results showed an oscillating downward trend in the annual average concentrations of PM10 in Shanghai,whereas seasonally,PM10 concentrations were relatively high in winter and showed two peaks with a low in between. PM10 concentrations were negatively correlated with the daily average wind speed and the daily mixing layer height at 20: 00,and positively correlated with the frequency of northwest wind,the mean daily temperature,and the frequency of stable weathers and thermal inversion at 20: 00. When the 500 h Pa height field in the northern part of China was a positive anomaly in winter,a warm winter prevailed and led to high PM10 concentrations. When the 500 h Pa height field was a negative anomaly,cold air frequently moved southward to result in relatively low temperatures,which caused relatively low PM10 concentrations. When the wind field at 850 h Pa was easterly,the wind speed was relatively large and resulted in relatively low PM10 concentrations.

关 键 词：高浓度污染 气候背景 异同 大气环流 上海 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]