华东典型城市非道路移动机械排气烟度  

Exhaust Smoke of Non-Road Vehicles in Typical Cities of Eastern China

作　　者：鲁君 胡磬遥 杨强[2] 唐伟[2] 夏阳[2] 井宝莉[2] 陈昀 黄成 LU Jun;HU Qing-yao;YANG Qiang;TANG Wei;XIA Yang;JING Bao-li;CHEN Yun;HUANG Cheng(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Protection of Urban Air Pollution Complex,Shanghai Academy of Environmental Science,Shanghai 200233,China;Hangzhou Academy of Environmental Science,Hangzhou 310014,China;Hangzhou Motor Vehicle Exhaust Pollution Management Office,Hangzhou 310014,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市环境科学研究院,国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室,上海200233 [2]杭州市环境保护科学研究院,杭州310014 [3]杭州市机动车污染排放管理处,杭州310014

出　　处：《环境科学》2020年第1期133-138,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21777101);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0213800)

摘　　要：在华东地区典型城市开展了超过900台非道路移动机械的排气烟度实测工作,结合测试机械的属性调查,分析汇总了现阶段各类机械的排气烟度范围(包括光吸收系数和林格曼黑度),并定量研究了机械出厂年限、机械功率、测试工况及油品差异对机械排气烟度的影响.结果表明,在自由加速工况下,实测非道路移动机械的排气烟度为(1. 02±0. 57) m-1,林格曼黑度等级为2. 10±0. 19(无量纲),各类机械超过国家标准GB 36886-2018中关于烟度I限值比例为12%~25%;80%的机械启动烟度大于自由加速烟度,且各类机械启动烟度约为自由加速排气烟度的2倍;与普通柴油相比,使用车用柴油可少量削减机械排气烟度均值,可显著削减或抑制排气烟度高值.启动时喷油量瞬间增加过快与油品质量较差可直接影响非道路用柴油机的排气烟度.In typical cities of East China,more than 900 non-road vehicles were tested for exhaust smoke. Based on the investigation of the properties of these non-road vehicles,exhaust smoke intensities for different kinds of non-road vehicles are recommended. We also quantitatively study the differences in smoke intensity among vehicle age,vehicle power,test conditions,and fuels. The results showed that smoke intensity of non-road vehicles was( 1. 02 ± 0. 57) m-1 and that Ringelmann smoke was 2. 10 ± 0. 19. In comparison to Chinese national standard( GB 36886),approximately 12%-25% of tested non-road vehicles’ smoke intensity exceeded the standard limit. The smoke intensity of 80% of tested non-road vehicles was higher during start-up than under free acceleration. In comparison to ordinary diesel,the smoke intensities of tested non-road vehicles that used automotive diesel were lower. The instantaneous increase in fuel injection during start-up,as well as poor fuel quality,can directly affect the exhaust smoke of non-road vehicles.

关 键 词：华东地区 非道路移动机械 大气污染 排气烟度 林格曼烟度 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]