城市湖泊水环境整治对改善水质的影响:以蠡湖近30年水质变化为例  

Effect of a Comprehensive Improvement Project on Water Quality in Urban Lakes:A Case Study of Water Quality Variation in Lihu Lake Over the Past 30 Years

作　　者：田伟 杨周生[1] 邵克强[2] 潘辉 胡洋[2] 白承荣 姜星宇 高光[2] 汤祥明[2] TIAN Wei;YANG Zhou-sheng;SHAO Ke-qiang;PAN Hui;HU Yang;BAI Cheng-rong;JIANG Xing-yu;GAO Guang;TANG Xiang-ming(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241003,China;State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography&Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Jiangsu Jiangda Ecological Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuxi 214125,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学环境科学与工程学院,芜湖241003 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [3]江苏江达生态环境科技有限公司,无锡214125

出　　处：《环境科学》2020年第1期183-193,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07203-004);中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所“一三五”战略发展项目(NIGLAS2017GH05);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC008)

摘　　要：自"十五"以来,为改善水质,我国许多城市湖泊均先后采取了水环境治理措施.为了解这些措施对富营养化城市湖泊水质改善成效,根据中国科学院太湖湖泊生态系统研究站对蠡湖的长期监测数据和本课题组2017年对蠡湖的两次调查结果进行汇总分析,探讨了无锡蠡湖综合整治前后近30年来水环境质量变化情况.结果表明:①TN、TP、高锰酸盐指数和Chl-a等水质指标的浓度从20世纪90年代初开始呈现快速上升的趋势,1997~2003年间处于最差状态,2003年经过综合整治后呈现逐年递减趋势,但近两年略有反弹;水体透明度整治前后无明显改善.②从季节上看,综合整治之前,水质波动较大;综合整治之后,蠡湖各项指标出现显著差异,冬季水质明显好于夏季.③从区域上来看,蠡湖西部水质明显优于东部湖区.综合其他城市湖泊治理情况,研究表明水环境治理可以改善湖泊水质,但在水质改善后需要恢复草型生态系统,推进以生物调控为主的生态修复,逐步提升物种多样性,真正恢复湖泊生态系统服务功能.In order to improve water quality,many urban lakes in China have undergone environmental restoration since the introduction of China’s tenth five-year plan. To understand the effectiveness of improvement projects on eutrophic urban lakes,we analyze the changes in water quality of Lihu Lake over the past 30 years,i. e.,before and after comprehensive remediation. We use long-term monitoring data from TLLER and from two regional investigations undertaken in 2017. The results were as follows.① Concentrations of total nitrogen( TN) and total phosphorus( TP),the permanganate index,and chlorophyll-a( Chl-a) in Lihu Lake all increased dramatically since the 1990 s and reached the worst levels during the period from 1997 to 2003. After comprehensive improvement measures for the lake undertaken by the local government in 2003,the water quality improved remarkably year by year,but reduced slightly in the past two years assessed here. There was no obvious improvement in water transparency when comparing data from before to after the remediation. ② Before the improvement measures,the water quality fluctuated greatly with season,however,water quality sampled during the winter post remediation was significantly better than during the summer. ③ Spatially,the water quality in the western region of Lihu Lake was significantly better than of that in the eastern region. When comparing government measures in different eutrophic urban lakes,we found that engineering management measures can improve the water quality of urban lakes over a relatively short time period. However,after the water quality has been improved,it is necessary to restore the macrophytedominated ecosystem,which should be supplemented by ecological restoration based on biological regulation. By improving species diversity,the aquatic ecosystem can be successfully transformed from being phytoplankton-dominated to macrophyte-dominated,thereby enabling the service functions of a lake ecosystem to be truly restored.

关 键 词：蠡湖 城市湖泊 富营养化 水环境整治 水质改善 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]