白洋淀表层沉积物元素的空间特征、风险评价及来源分析  

Spatial Characteristics,Risk Assessment,and Source Analysis of Elements in Surface Sediments from the Baiyangdian Lake

作　　者：汪敬忠 刘卓[1] 魏浩 吴玉会 占水娥 朱迟 张益淼[1] WANG Jing-zhong;LIU Zhuo;WEI Hao;WU Yu-hui;ZHAN Shui-e;ZHU Chi;ZHANG Yi-miao(Experiment and Practice Teaching Center,Heibei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031,China;State Key Laboratory of Lake and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710061,China;Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering,Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science,Nanjing 210036,China)

机构地区：[1]河北地质大学实验实践教学中心,石家庄050031 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [3]中国科学院地球环境研究所,黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安710061 [4]江苏省环境科学研究院,江苏省环境工程重点实验室,南京210036

出　　处：《环境科学》2020年第1期224-231,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(D2018403115);河北省水利科技计划项目(2017-61);黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLLQG1717)

摘　　要：对白洋淀流域表层沉积物中营养元素(N和P)、重金属(Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Co、Ni及Sn)及粒度进行研究,分析元素的空间变化并进行污染和风险评价,在此基础上结合河流的沉积特征,利用多元统计方法分析淀内沉积物元素的来源及其变化规律.结果表明,白洋淀和河流表层沉积物重金属平均含量均高于背景值,淀内空间上呈现营养元素"西北高东南低",重金属"中部高南北低"的特征;表层沉积物中元素综合污染指数(I)大小顺序为:Cd> Pb> Cr> Cu=Zn> Ni> Sn> Co,其中Cd为重度污染,其它重金属为中度污染,枣林庄地区Cr为重度污染;潜在生态危害系数(Eri)大小顺序为:Cd> Pb> Cu> Cr> Ni> Zn,其中Cd除采蒲台地区具有强潜在生态风险,其他元素具有轻度潜在生态风险.淀内沉积物质地差异较小,流域河流入淀后的面源污染是影响白洋淀表层沉积物元素空间变化的主要原因,但淀内村庄的点源污染也不容忽视,尤其是元素N、P、Pb及Cr.In this paper,nutrient elements( N and P),heavy metals( Pb,Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr,Co,Ni,and Sn),and grain size in surface sediments of Baiyangdian Lake,northern China,are studied. We also analyze the spatial variation in elemental characteristics and undertaken a pollution risk assessment. By combining data with information on the river sediment characteristics,we use multivariate statistical methods to reveal the sources and variation of elements in sediments. The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals in surface sediments from the lake and associated rivers were higher than background values. Within the area of the lake,nutrient elements are relatively high in the northwest region but low in the southeast region,and heavy metals are relatively high in the middle of the lake but low in the southern and northern areas. The sequence of comprehensive pollution index( I) in sediments was Cd > Pb > Cr > Cu = Zn > Ni > Sn > Co,with Cd being assessed as severe pollution and other elements as moderate pollution,although severe pollution of Cr was found in the Zaolinzhuang area. The order of potential ecological risk coefficients( Eri)was determined as Cd > Pb > Cu > Cr > Ni > Zn,whereby Cd was associated with a strong potential ecological risk( except in the Caiputai area) and other elements were associated with a slight potential ecological risk. Differences in the lake sediment texture were found to be slight. Non-point source pollution after rivers flow into the lake was determined as the main reason for the spatial variation of elements in the surface sediments of Baiyangdian Lake,although point source pollution in the villages surrounding the lake should not be ignored,especially with respect to N,P,Pb,and Cr.

关 键 词：白洋淀 营养元素 重金属 空间分布 污染风险评价 来源分析 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]