广东省沿岸海域藻华发生的时空特征  

Temporal and spatial characteristics of harmful algal blooms in Guangdong coastal area

作　　者：田媛[1,2] 李涛 胡思敏[1] 谢学东[4] 刘胜 TIAN Yuan;LI Tao;HU Si-min;XIE Xue-dong;LIU Sheng(Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Sanya 572000,China;Guangdong Ocean and Fishery Environment Monitoring and Forecasting Center,Guangzhou 510222,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室,广东广州510301 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院海南热带海洋生物实验站,海南三亚572000 [4]广东省海洋与渔业环境监测预报中心,广东广州510222

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2020年第1期1-8,共8页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2016YFC0502800);广东省科技计划项目(2015A020216013);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA13020100);国家自然科学基金项目(41276160);广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室运行经费(2017B030314052)

摘　　要：本文收集了1980-2017年广东省沿岸藻华发生数据,并进行了系统分析,结果表明藻华发生区域主要集中于珠江口附近、大鹏湾和大亚湾水域,具有明显的时空特征。不同区域的藻华种类差异明显,广东西部多发硅藻藻华,广东中部多发甲藻藻华,广东东部多发金藻藻华。且各地区主要藻华种类的发生也呈现出不同的年际和季节差异,广东沿岸中部地区每年几乎都有藻华出现,其中大鹏湾海域在2000年以后无硅藻藻华发生,大亚湾海域在2002年之前以硅藻藻华为主,2002年以后以甲藻藻华为主;而东部和西部在2000年以前几乎无藻华发生,直到2000年以后才开始频繁出现藻华。西部地区(湛江海域)夏季多发硅藻藻华,中部地区的珠江口春季多发有毒藻华,大鹏湾春季多发夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)藻华,大亚湾夏秋季节多发锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)藻华,广东东部的球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)藻华可在全年出现。综上,广东省藻华原因种类分布具有明显的地域和季节特征,因此需要对不同地区的藻华发生情况和可能诱因进行有针对性的监测和研究,采取区域化的管理,以期能够更合理高效地利用和保护广东省的海洋资源。Based on the historical analysis of harmful algal blooms(HABs) in Guangdong coastal areas from 1980 to 2017,it is found that HABs occurred mainly in Pearl River Estuary,Dapeng bay and Daya bay waters.Guangdong coastal areas could be divided into high frequency region of diatom bloom(western Guangdong),dinoflagellate bloom(central Guangdong) and Chrysophyta bloom(eastern Guangdong) areas.HABs occurred almost every year in the central region of Guangdong(the Pearl River Estuary,Dapeng bay and Daya bay) from 1980 to 2017.The main HABs was no longer diatom bloom in Dapeng bay after 2000,and shifted from diatom blooms to dinoflagellate blooms in Daya bay after 2002.In contrast,HABs stared to occur frequently in the eastern and western Guangdong after 2000.The seasonal occurrence of HABs was different in different regions.In the western Guangdong(Zhangjiang),diatom blooms occurred mainly in summer.In the central Guangdong,toxic and detrimental blooms occurred mainly in Pearl River Estuary in spring;Noctiluca scintillans blooms occurred mainly in Dapeng bay in spring;Scrippsiella trochoidea blooms mainly occurred in Daya bay in summer and autumn.In the eastern Guangdong,P.globosa blooms occurred in the whole year.Based on the temporal and spatial characteristics of HABs in Guangdong coastal areas,we could provide important information for the management of HABs and suggestions for better utilization and protection of marine resources in different regions of Guangdong province.

关 键 词：广东沿海 藻华 夜光藻 锥状斯氏藻 棕囊藻 

分 类 号：Q178.53[生物学—水生生物学]