长江水体营养盐输入及对长江口海域营养盐浓度和结构的影响  

The input of nutrients through the Yangtze River and its effect on nutrient concentrations and structures of the Yangtze Estuary

作　　者：郭金强 张桂成 褚春莹 梁生康[1,2] 韩秀荣[1,2] GUO Jin-qiang;ZHANG Gui-cheng;CHU Chun-ying;LIANG Sheng-kang;HAN Xiu-rong(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Marine and Environmental Sciences,Tianjin University of Science&Technology,Tianjin 300457,China;Qingdao Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Shandong Provice,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学化学化工学院,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [3]天津科技大学海洋与环境学院,天津300457 [4]山东省青岛生态环境监测中心,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2020年第1期59-65,74,共8页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(201762032);海洋公益性行业科研专项(201205018)

摘　　要：根据2011-2014年共12次长江大通站的调查数据,分析了长江水体中溶解无机氮(DIN)、活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)和活性硅酸盐(SiO3-Si)浓度的季节变化规律并估算了各项营养盐入海通量,比较分析了自1960s以来通过长江输入的各项营养盐通量变化及对长江口海域营养盐浓度和结构的影响。结果表明,长江水体中DIN浓度夏秋高、冬春低,而PO4-P浓度则呈现秋冬高、春夏低的变化特点,SiO3-Si浓度与总悬浮颗粒物浓度显著相关,但无明显季节变化。DIN、SiO3-Si通量与长江径流变化一致,呈现夏季高、冬季低的变化特征;PO4-P通量则呈现秋季高、冬季低的变化特征。自1960s以来,DIN和PO4-P通量均呈上升趋势,2010s较1960s分别增加9.5倍和3.6倍,而SiO3-Si通量呈下降趋势,2010s较1960s减少0.6倍;导致长江口海域DIN和PO4-P年均浓度分别升高4.5和0.8倍,SiO3-Si年均浓度则下降0.6倍,氮磷比升高两倍,硅氮比和硅磷比分别降低0.9和0.8倍,这可能是导致近60 a来长江口海域赤潮发生面积增加和硅藻比例减少的原因之一。The seasonal variations of concentrations and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),activated phosphate(PO4-P),and active silicate(SiO3-Si) in the Yangtze River(YZR) were investigated bimonthly during 2011~2014.The annual variations of the DIN,PO4-P,and SiO3-Si fluxes as well as their effects on the nutrient concentrations and ratios in the Yangtze Estuary(YZE) were discussed.The DIN concentrations were higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring,while the PO4-P concentrations were higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer.The SiO3-Si concentrations were significantly related to the total suspended particulate matter and showed no obvious seasonal variation.The seasonal fluxes of DIN and SiO3-Si followed the runoff variation and were higher in summer than in winter,while the PO4-P fluxes were higher in autumn than in winter.Historic records from 1960 s to 2010 s showed a 9.5-fold and 3.6-fold increase in the DIN and PO4-P fluxes and a 0.6-fold decrease in the SiO3-Si fluxes.Accordingly,the average annual concentrations of DIN and PO4-P in the YZE increased by 4.5 and 0.8 times,respectively,while that of the SiO3-Si decreased by 0.6 times,meanwhile,the ratio of N/P increased by 2 times,and the ratio of Si/N and Si/P decreased by 0.9 and 0.8 times,respectively.The variations of nutrient input by YZR might be attributing to an increase in red tide scale and a decrease in the proportion of diatoms in the YZE in the past 60 years.

关 键 词：长江 径流 营养盐 通量 浓度 

分 类 号：P734[天文地球—海洋化学] X142[天文地球—海洋科学]