银杏叶变色期的生理特征  

Physiological Characteristics of Leaf Color Change Period of Ginkgo biloba L.

作　　者：梁俊林 顾国军 唐实玉 吴福忠 徐振锋 谭波 刘洋 LIANG Junlin;GU Guojun;TANG Shiyu;WU Fuzhong;XU Zhenfeng;TAN Bo;LIU Yang(Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Sichuan Province,College of Forestry/Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;SichuanWest Forestry Bureau of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province,Lixian 623102,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院生态林业研究所,长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室,成都611130 [2]四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州川西林业局,四川理县623102

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2020年第1期65-70,共6页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“高山亚高山退化彩叶林景观重建技术”（2017YFC0505003）;四川省重点研发计划项目“亚高山典型退化生态系统恢复和旅游景观的功能提升关键技术研究”（18ZDYF0307）

摘　　要：【目的】研究自然条件下银杏叶片颜色变化过程中的生理指标,为秋季银杏变色机理研究和园林绿化管理提供科学依据.【方法】于2017年9月—11月每月中旬进行采样,分析了不同银杏叶片颜色(微黄、中黄、全黄)的叶色素含量、花色素苷含量、酶活性、可溶性糖含量.[结果]随着银杏叶的变黄,叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)、类胡萝卜素(Caro),以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性呈现降低的趋势,其中,Chla、Chlb、Caro含量和PAL活性都为极显著的降低(P<0.001);叶绿素(a+b)降低得最快,总共降低了96%.花色素苷(Anthocyanin)、可溶性糖(SS)含量逐渐增加,叶全黄时,花色素苷增加量不显著(P>0.05),SS含量增加显著(P<0.01);叶全黄和中黄时的花色素苷含量显著高于微黄(P<0.05).在叶色变化过程中,Caro和花色素苷在色素中的相对含量逐渐升高.叶绿素酶(Chlase)活性先升高后降低,叶中黄极显著高于微黄和全黄(P<0.001).【结论】可溶性糖的积累促进了花色素苷的合成,叶绿素酶促进了叶绿素的分解,促使类胡萝卜素和花色素苷相对含量增加,叶绿素相对含量减少.类胡萝卜素和花色素苷相对含量的增加是引起银杏叶变黄的最直接原因.【Objective】To study the physiological indexes in the process of leaf color change of Ginkgo biloba L.under natural conditions,and to provide scientific basis for the research on the mechanism of leaf color change and management of landscaping in Ginkgo biloba L.in autumn.【Method】The study was conducted in the middle of September-November,2017.Samples were analyzed for leaf pigment contents,anthocyanin content,enzyme activity,SS contents in the leaves of different color(lightly,moderately and fully yellow)in Ginkgo biloba L.【Result】With the yellowing of Ginkgo biloba L.leaves,the activities of Chla,Chlb,Caro,and PAL show a decreasing trend among them,Chla,Chlb,Caro contents and PAL activity all have extremely significant decrease(P<0.001);Chlorophyll(a+b)decreases most rapidly,total Reduced by 96%.The contents of anthocyanin,SS increased gradually.When the fully yellow,the increase of anthocyanins was not significant(P>0.05),and the SS content increased significantly(P<0.01);the content of anthocyanin was significantly higher in fully and moderately yellow than lightly(P<0.05).During the change of leaf color,the relative content of Caro and anthocyanin in the pigment gradually increased.Chlase activity first increased and then decreased,and the pole in the moderately yellow leaf was significantly higher than that of yellowish and fully yellow(P<0.001).【Conclusion】The accumulation of SS promotes the synthesis of anthocyanin,the Chlase promotes the decomposition of chlorophyll,the relative content of caro and anthocyanins increases,and the relative content of chlorophyll decreases.The relative increase in the contents of caro and anthocyanin are the most direct cause of the yellowing of Ginkgo biloba L.leaf.

关 键 词：银杏 叶绿素 花色素苷 叶绿素酶 可溶性糖 

分 类 号：S792.95[农业科学—林木遗传育种]