官厅水库入库断面水质多指标评价与演变特征分析  

Multi-index Evaluation and Evolution Characteristic Analysis of Water Quality at Inlet Section of Guanting Reservoir

作　　者：彭福利[1] 张永勇[2] 李茜[1] 张鹏[1] PENG Fuli;ZHANG Yongyong;LI Qian;ZHANG Peng(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring,China National Environmental Monitoring Centre,Beijing 100012,China;Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境监测总站,国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2020年第1期65-74,共10页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：生态环境部环境监测与信息项目(2111101);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41671024)

摘　　要：水体质量状况及其污染特征是流域水污染防治规划和治理措施制定的前提和基础。采用主成分分析和层次聚类分析等多元统计分析方法,选取溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量等10个不同类型的监测指标,综合评价了官厅水库入库断面八号桥2006—2017年丰水期和枯水期水质年际变化特征,识别了不同阶段关键污染指标。结果表明:各年份丰水期(9月)大多数水质指标均优于枯水期(5月),特别是粪大肠菌群和氨氮,但总磷和高锰酸盐指数的差异较小。根据水质指标年际变化情况,可将研究期分为污染严重阶段(2006—2007年)、污染改善阶段(2008—2015年)和污染全面好转阶段(2016—2017年)。大部分水质指标呈现逐年好转的趋势,特别是粪大肠菌群、氨氮和五日生化需氧量,但总磷仍是官厅水库入库河流的重要污染指标。Assessment of water quality and analysis of pollution characteristics are the premise and basis of water pollution prevention planning and control measures.In this paper,10 monitoring indicators,such as dissolved oxygen,permanganate index and chemical oxygen demand,were selected as evaluation indicators by combining principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis.The interannual variation characteristics of water quality of Bahaoqiao section in Guanting reservoir entrance during the dry season(May)and floodseason(September)froM2006 tO2017 were comprehensively evaluated,and key pollution indicators at different stages were identified.The results showed that most water quality indicators in flood season were better than those in dry season,especially fecal coliform bacteria and ammonia nitrogen,but the difference of total phosphorus and permanganate index was small.According to the annual variation of water quality indicators,the research period can be divided into three stages:serious pollution stage(2006-2007),pollution improvement stage(2008-2015)and comprehensive improvement stage(2016-2017).Most water quality indicators showed a trend of improvement year by year,especially fecal coliform bacteria,ammonia nitrogen and five-day biochemical oxygen demand,but total phosphorus was still important pollution indicators of Guanting reservoir inflow river.

关 键 词：水质评价 年际变化 主成分分析法 层次聚类 官厅水库 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]