不同地域人发中重金属污染特征与来源解析  

Characteristics and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Human Hair in Different Regions of China

作　　者：白莉[1,2] 贺梓健 陈琬玥 李娜[2] 秦嘉 沈梦楠[2] BAI Li;HE Zijian;CHEN Wanyue;LI Na;QIN Jia;SHEN Mengnan(Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun 130118,China;Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment,Ministry of Education,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林建筑大学松辽流域水环境教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2020年第1期105-114,共10页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0702700);国家自然科学基金(51508224);国家自然基金青年科学基金(21607050)

摘　　要：以某高校新生发样为研究样本,将生源地分为东北、西北、西南、华北、华南、华中、华东7个地域,采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法对发样中所含铬、铜、镍、铅、锌进行测定,通过非参数检验及偏相关性检验分析不同地区发样中重金属含量与性别、身体质量指数(BMI)的关系。结果显示,所采集发样中铬、铜、镍、铅、锌的含量变化范围依次为0.22~101.84、0.36~112.24、0.70~128.75、1.39~136.13、1.12~719.50μg/g;发样中重金属浓度的地区排序为东北>华东>华北>西北>华中>西南>华南。聚类分析和主成分分析结果显示,不同地区发样中重金属的来源有所差异:东北、西北、华北地区发样中重金属可能主要来源于燃煤、工业生产过程、机动车排放,方差贡献率分别为39.47%、25.78%、22.89%;华中、华东、西南、华南地区发样中重金属可能主要来源于工业生产过程、机动车排放、冶金化工过程,贡献率分别为47.76%、27.51%、18.24%。相关性检验显示,男性发样内铬、铜、镍、铅含量高于女性。其中,偏胖或偏瘦女性存在较高的铅暴露风险;40.2%的男性发锌含量低于正常值下限,24.4%的女性发锌含量低于正常值下限,且偏瘦女性发内缺锌现象显著;男、女发铜含量高于正常值上限的比例分别为91.8%、85.6%,存在不同程度的铜暴露风险。The hair samples from college freshmen,which were divided into seven regions of China(Northeast,Northwest,Southwest,Northern,Southern,Central and Eastern China),were chosen as the research objects.The heavy metal Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn contents in hair samples were measured by inductively coupled ion emission spectrometry(ICP-OES).The sources of heavy metals in samples from different regions were explored by principal factor analysis.And non-parametric tests and partial correlation tests were used to analyze the correlations between the heavy metal content,gender or body mass index(BMI).The results showed the range of heavy metal concentration in different regions were:Cr,0.22-101.84μg/g;Cu,0.36-112.24μg/g;Ni,0.7-128.75μg/g;Pb,1.39-136.13μg/g;Zn,1.12-719.5μg/g.The order of metal concentration in human hair in each region was:Northeast>East China>North China>Northwest>Central China>Southwest>South China.Cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that the sources of heavy metals in human hair in different regions were different:the heavy metals in hair samples from Northeast,Northwest and North China may come from coal combustion,industrial production process and motor vehicle emission sources,with variance contribution rates of 39.47%,25.78%and 22.89%,respectively.The heavy metals in hair samples from central,eastern,southwestern and southern China may come from industrial production process,motor vehicle emission sources and metallurgical and chemical processes,with contribution rates of 47.76%,27.51%and 18.24%,respectively.Correlation test showed that the exposure of Cr,Cu,Ni and Pb in males was higher than that in females,among which Pb exited high exposure risk both in overweight or lean women.While Zn and Cu,as two essential elements,40.2%of males were lower than the lowest limit of normal Zn value,and 24.4%of females were lower than the lowest limit of normal Zn value.And the Zn deficiency of the lean women was obvious.The ratio of Cu content in males and females above the upper limit were 91.8%an

关 键 词：发样 重金属 来源 性别 BMI 相关性 

分 类 号：X838[环境科学与工程—环境工程]