六天一刀割制对热研7-33-97幼龄开割橡胶树产量、胶乳生理及死皮病发生的影响  

Effects of tapping per six days system on the yield,latex physiology and tapping panel dryness of young tapped Hevea brasiliensis var. Reyan 7-33-97

作　　者：仇键[1] 校现周 高宏华[1] 杨文凤[1] 魏芳[1] 吴明[1] 罗世巧[1] QIU Jian;XIAO Xian-zhou;GAO Hong-hua;YANGWen-feng;WEI Fang;WU Ming;LUO Shi-qiao(Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation&Physiology of Tropical Crops/Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地—海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室/中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第1期133-139,共7页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2018034)~~

摘　　要：【目的】探讨六天一刀(d6)割制下不同割胶耗皮厚度、乙烯利涂施时间和强度对热研7-33-97幼龄开割橡胶树产量、胶乳生理及死皮病发生的影响,为d6割制关键技术的完善提供参考依据。【方法】设5个割胶耗皮厚度(0.16、0.18、0.20、0.22和0.24 cm)和5个乙烯利涂施时间(割胶前1、2、3、4和5 d涂施)处理,比较d6割制下不同技术参数处理的幼龄热研7-33-97橡胶树胶乳产量;以四天一刀(d4)割制(不涂施乙烯利)为对照,设不同乙烯利浓度(2刀涂施1次0.5%、1.0%和1.5%乙烯利)和不同涂药周期(1、2和3刀涂施1次1.5%乙烯利)5种刺激强度的d6割制处理,分析不同处理的单株干胶产量、胶乳生理及死皮病发生情况。【结果】在d6割制下,割胶耗皮厚度0.20、0.22 cm和割胶前2、3 d涂施乙烯利刺激的热研7-33-97幼龄胶树的单株平均胶乳产量较高,分别为相应处理中最低胶乳产量的1.37和1.23倍、1.25和1.35倍。较高强度刺激(涂施1.0%~1.5%乙烯利)可充分调动胶树产胶潜力,获得理想产量,且胶乳生理状况良好,死皮病发生率(1.6%~8.3%)低于d4割制。刺激强度(涂施乙烯利浓度和刺激频率)越高,d6割制的单株干胶产量越高,胶乳生理代谢越旺盛,但强刺激(1刀涂施1.5%乙烯利)的死皮病发生率(8.3%)和死皮指数(0.23)明显升高,同时影响高产期的产胶潜力。对刀次产量的全年变化分析结果表明,d6割制具有高产期(9-12月)更高产的特点,高产期刀次产量占全年产量的3.50%~5.50%。【结论】热研7-33-97幼龄开割橡胶树进行d6割胶,需增加割胶耗皮厚度、并适度施用乙烯利,同时确保高产期的割胶刀数,能获得较高的胶乳产量,并延长产胶经济寿命,可在生产上推广应用。【Objective】The effects on the yield,latex physiology and tapping panel dryness(TPD)of the tapping per six days(d6)system were studied under the different bark consumption,ethephon stimulate times and intensities in the young tapped Hevea brasiliensis var.Reyan 7-33-97,so as to provide the theoretical basis for the establishment of the key technologies of the d6 tapping system.【Method】Five treatments for bark consumptions(0.16,0.18,0.20,0.22 and 0.24 cm)and five stimulate times(1,2,3,4 and 5 d before tapping)were used,and the effects of the above treatment on the latex yield of young tapped Reyan 7-33-97 tree under the d6 tapping system were analyzed.Taken tapping per four days(d4)system(without ethephon stimulation)as the control,the different treatments of the situational concentrations(stimulated by ethephon with the concentration of 0.5%,1.0%,and 1.5%at 2 tapping intervals)and the frequencies(stimulated by ethephon with the concentration of 1.5%at 1,2 and 3 tapping intervals)were employed.The dry rubber yield per plant,latex physiology and the occurrence of TPD were analyzed.【Result】The optimal average latex yield per plant was obtained when the bark consumptions were 0.20 and 0.22 cm and the stimulation times were 2 and 3 d before tapping under the d6 tapping system.Their mean yields were as 1.37 and 1.23 times,1.25 and 1.35 times as that of the lowest yield of the corresponding treatment respectively.Compared with the d4 tapping system,the treatment for high intensity stimulation(stimulated by 1.0%-1.5%ethephon)suggested a higher yield,better physiological characteristics of latex,and lower incidence of TPD(1.6%-8.3%),which suggested there were activated and good latex metabolism in those rubber tree.The greater stimulation intensity(including ethephon concentration and stimulation frequency)was applied,the higher dry rubber yield per plant and the more vigorous latex metabolism were observed in various treatments of d6 tapping system.However,the incidence(8.3%)and index(0.23)of TPD increased und

关 键 词：橡胶树 热研7-33-97 六天一刀(d6)割制 刺激技术 刺激强度 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]