Can epigenetic and inflammatory biomarkers identify clinically aggressive prostate cancer?  

作　　者：Pedro Bargao Santos Hitendra Patel Rui Henrique Ana Felix 

机构地区：[1]Department of Urology,Prof.Doutor Fernando Fonseca Hospital,Amadora 2720-276,Portugal [2]Department of Urology,University Hospital North Norway,Tromsø9019,Norway [3]Department of Urology,St George’s University Hospitals,Tooting,London SW170QT,United Kingdom [4]Departments of Pathology and Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center,Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto,Porto 4200-072,Portugal [5]Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar,University of Porto,Porto 4099-002,Portugal [6]Department of Pathology,Portuguese Oncology Institute of Lisbon,Lisbon 1099-023,Portugal [7]Department of Pathology,NOVA Medical School,Lisbon 1169-056,Portugal

出　　处：《World Journal of Clinical Oncology》2020年第2期43-52,共10页世界临床肿瘤学杂志（英文版）

摘　　要：Prostate cancer(PCa)is a highly prevalent malignancy and constitutes a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality.It emerges through the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations.Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation,histone modifications and micro RNA deregulation.These generate heritable transformations in the expression of genes but do not change the DNA sequence.Alterations in DNA methylation(hypo and hypermethylation)are the most characterized in PCa.They lead to genomic instability and inadequate gene expression.Major and minor-specific modifications in chromatin recasting are involved in PCa,with signs suggesting a dysfunction of enzymes modified by histones.Micro RNA deregulation also contributes to the initiation of PCa,including involvement in androgen receptor signalization and apoptosis.The influence of inflammation on prostate tumor carcinogenesis is currently much better known.Recent discoveries about microbial species resident in the urinary tract suggest that these are the initiators of chronic inflammation,promoting prostate inflammatory atrophy and eventually leading to PCa.Complete characterization of the relationship between the urinary microbiome and prostatic chronic inflammation will be crucial to develop plans for the prevention of PCa.The prevalent nature of epigenetic and inflammatory alterations may provide potential biomarkers for PCa diagnosis,treatment decisions,evaluation of prognosis and posttreatment surveillance.Prostate cancer(PCa) is a highly prevalent malignancy and constitutes a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. It emerges through the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modifications and micro RNA deregulation. These generate heritable transformations in the expression of genes but do not change the DNA sequence. Alterations in DNA methylation(hypo and hypermethylation) are the most characterized in PCa. They lead to genomic instability and inadequate gene expression. Major and minor-specific modifications in chromatin recasting are involved in PCa, with signs suggesting a dysfunction of enzymes modified by histones. Micro RNA deregulation also contributes to the initiation of PCa, including involvement in androgen receptor signalization and apoptosis. The influence of inflammation on prostate tumor carcinogenesis is currently much better known. Recent discoveries about microbial species resident in the urinary tract suggest that these are the initiators of chronic inflammation, promoting prostate inflammatory atrophy and eventually leading to PCa. Complete characterization of the relationship between the urinary microbiome and prostatic chronic inflammation will be crucial to develop plans for the prevention of PCa. The prevalent nature of epigenetic and inflammatory alterations may provide potential biomarkers for PCa diagnosis,treatment decisions, evaluation of prognosis and posttreatment surveillance.

关 键 词：Prostate cancer EPIGENETICS DNA methylation Histone modifications Micro RNAs Inflammation Initiation and progression Prognosis 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]