苹果矮化砧木抗寒性  

Study on Cold Resistance of Apple Dwarf Rootstock

作　　者：石游 陈淑英 刘君 罗秉瑜 王瑾 SHI You;CHEN Shuying;LIU Jun;LUO Bingyu;WANG Jin(Yili Prefecture Forestry Research Institute,Yining Xinjiang 835000,China;Yili Comprehensive Test Station for National Apple Industry Technology System,Yining Xinjiang 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆伊犁州林业科学研究院,新疆伊宁835000 [2]国家苹果产业技术体系伊犁综合试验站,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2020年第3期485-491,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区国际合作项目“苹果抗寒矮化砧木62—396、BP-176的引进及适应性研究”(2017E01021);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-28);伊犁哈萨克自治州科技计划项目“抗寒优良苹果蜜脆高效栽培核心示范园建设”(YZ201801002)~~

摘　　要：【目的】研究苹果矮化砧木抗寒性,为选育、鉴定和推广应用抗寒的苹果矮化砧木提供理论依据。【方法】以62-396、BP-176、Y-1、KM234种苹果矮化砧木1年生枝条为试材,进行不同低温处理,采用电导法配合Logistic方程计算不同参试休眠枝条的半致死温度(LT 50),并结合冻害分级、恢复生长试验和田间冻害调查,研究苹果矮化砧木的抗寒性。【结果】在低温胁迫下,枝条的电解质渗出率与相应的低温呈极显著负相关;62-396、BP-176、Y-1、KM23的半致死温度分别为-42.56、-37.52、-43.79和-40.77℃;低温处理后各枝条的萌芽率高低依次为Y-1>62-396>KM23>BP-176;田间调查结果显示,BP-176抗寒性最差。【结论】4种苹果矮化砧木的抗寒性强弱依次为Y-1>62-396>KM23>BP-176。苹果矮化砧木Y-1和62-396具有较大的应用潜力,可以作为苹果抗寒矮化砧木在伊犁河谷进行生产应用。【Objective】The research aims to provide theoretical basis for breeding,identification,popularization and application of cold-resistant apple dwarf rootstock.【Method】The cold tolerance of rootstocks were determined with one-year-old branches of four apple rootstocks including 62-396,BP-176,Y-1 and KM23 with different low temperature treatments.The semi-lethal temperature(LT 50)was conducted by using conductance method with Logistic equation,and combined with low temperature freezing injury classification,restoration growth test and field freezing damage investigation.Finally,the cold resistance of apple dwarfing stocks was studied.【Results】Under low temperature stress,the electrolyte leakage rate of branches showed obvious"S"curve,which was negatively correlated with the corresponding low temperature.The semi-lethal temperatures of 62-396,BP-176,Y-1 and KM23 were-42.56,-37.52,-43.79 and-40.77℃,respectively.After low temperature treatment,the sprouting rate of each branch was:Y-1>62-396>KM23)>BP-176.【Conclusion】Depending on the determination results,the cold hardiness of tested apple rootstocks was as the follow:Y-1>62-396>KM23>BP-176,WHICH can be used as cold resistant dwarfing stock in Yili Valley.

关 键 词：苹果 矮化砧木 抗寒性 电解质渗出率 半致死温度 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]