独立担保中国规则的风险控制机制研究——以“独立保函司法解释”为研究对象  

Research on the Risk Control Mechanism of China’s Independent Guarantee Rules:Taking a Judicial Interpretation on Independent Guarantee as the Target

作　　者：李世刚[1] Li Shigang

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院

出　　处：《法学杂志》2020年第2期11-21,F0002,共12页Law Science Magazine

摘　　要：独立保函司法解释的出台,正式承认了独立担保在中国国内市场上的有效性,并确立了独立担保的中国规则。独立担保的核心功能是替代押金与保证,就其利益与风险分配机制而言,其风险虽集中于基础交易中的主债务人身上,但仍属于正常的市场风险。独立担保具有微弱从属性和高度独立性,在中国法律体系中应是一种与"保证"并列的"人的担保"。依据该司法解释,独立担保的认定采二元标准,其实质构成要件有二:担保人不得主张基础交易项下的抗辩;担保人支付一定金额的义务不得与基础交易中的主债务联动。独立担保人止付的主要抗辩事由是受益人索付有"明显的欺诈或滥用",即受益人知道或应当知道索付会造成他人损害。A judicial interpretation on independent guarantee, named Provisions on Several Issues concerning the Trial of Independent Guarantee Disputes, officially recognizes the independent guarantee in China’s domestic market, and establishes Chinese rules. The core function of independent guarantee is to replace deposit and to guarantee. As far as its profit and risk allocation mechanism is concerned, although the risk of such business is concentrated on the principal debtor in the basic transaction, the risk level is still normal. Independent guarantee has a nature of weak subordination and high independence. Thus, it should be considered as a kind of "personal security" in parallel with "guarantee" under Chinese legal system. According to this judicial interpretation, the recognition of independent guarantee adopts the binary standard, which has two essential elements:(1) the guarantor shall not claim the exceptions under the basic transaction, and(2) the obligation of the guarantor to pay a certain amount shall not be confused with the main debt in the basic transaction. The main defence for the independent guarantor to stop payment is that the claims of the beneficiary are "obvious fraud or abuse", that is, the beneficiary knows or should know that the claim will cause damage to others.

关 键 词：独立担保 索付抗辩 欺诈 权利滥用 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]