美国驻迪化领事馆考述  

The USA Consulate at Tihua in 1940s

作　　者：闫自兵 YAN Zi-bing(School of History,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei,430072;School of Humanities,Xinjiang University,Urumqi,Xinjiang,830046)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院 [2]新疆大学人文学院

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第1期71-80,共10页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区普通高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地、新疆大学丝绸之路历史文化发展研究中心项目“伊宁事变和平解决的美国因素研究”(XJEDU010415C04)

摘　　要：第二次世界大战期间,美国希望立足中亚地区,搜集中亚地区的情报,而中国国民政府希望借助美国来抗衡苏联在中国新疆的势力,二者因此就美国在新疆设立领事馆一事一拍即合。1943年4月19日,美国驻迪化领事馆正式设立。柯乐博、史密斯、华瑞德、包懋勋曾先后出任领事,马克南曾出任副领事,主持领事馆的具体工作。至1949年9月28日该领事馆彻底关闭为止,领事馆的工作人员不仅广泛搜集了各类情报,还在第二次世界大战期间协调了中苏两国在新疆的矛盾,在冷战到来后积极策划反苏反共活动与分裂活动。这些活动适应了美国不同时期的战略需要,也开创了美国插手新疆问题的先例。During the Second World War,the United States wanted to keep a foothold in the Central Asian region to gather intelligence,while the Chinese National Government wanted to counter the Soviet forces in Xinjiang with the help of the United States.As a result,the two sides reached a consensus easily.On April 19,1943,the U.S.consulate was officially set up at Tihua,Xinjiang.Oliver E.Clubb,Horace H.Smith,Robert S.Ward and John H.Paxton were consuls in succession,and Douglas S.Mackiernan was once a vice consult in charge of diplomatic affairs.Up to September 28,1949,when the consulate was closed,they gathered many kinds of intelligence and also reconciled contradictions in Xinjiang between China and the Soviet Union during the Second World War.They plotted anti-Soviet and anti-communist activities when the Cold War began.These activities met U.S.strategic needs in different periods,and set a U.S.precedent in interference in Xinjiang issue as well.

关 键 词：美国 新疆 领事馆 第二次世界大战 冷战 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]