西方环境社会学的主要理论——以环境问题社会成因的解释为中心  

Theories of Western Environmental Sociology:Centering on Explaining the Social Causes of Environmental Problems

作　　者：肖晨阳[1,2] 陈涛 XIAO Chen-yang;CHEN Tao

机构地区：[1]美利坚大学社会学系 [2]中国人民大学社会学系 [3]河海大学社会学系、环境与社会研究中心

出　　处：《社会学评论》2020年第1期72-83,共12页Sociological Review of China

基　　金：2018年国家社科基金“机制创新背景下环境治理的地方实践研究”（项目编号：18BSH066）

摘　　要：理论对于学科发展和学术交流具有重要价值,对于快速发展中的中国环境社会学而言,其意义更加突出。学界对西方环境社会学理论开展了多维度梳理,但往往忽略了理论间的关联。围绕环境问题的机制解释维度,梳理西方环境社会学的主要理论,以突显理论间的逻辑脉络。与此相关的环境社会学理论,主要包括本体论层面的围绕环境问题本质之争的真实主义与建构主义,环境问题归因解释层面的反思现代性理论、生态现代化理论、生态马克思主义理论以及规范行为解释。这些理论主张虽然不同甚至存在深刻分歧,但在对理性化主导的现代化的反思以及扩大公众在决策过程中的参与方面,具有理论共识。Theory is important to disciplinary development and academic exchanges, and it is more critical for the rapidly growing Chinese environmental sociology. Chinese scholars have analyzed theories of western environmental sociology from multiple angles, but often ignored the connections among theories.By focusing on the mechanism explanations of environmental issues and sorting out the main theories of Western environmental sociology, this paper aims at highlighting the logical connections among different theories. Western environmental sociology theories focusing on social causes of environmental problems mainly include realism and constructivism in debating about the essence of environmental issues, reflexive modernization theory, ecological modernization theory, eco-Marxism theory, and normative behavioral perspectives. While these theories present different claims and even have deep disagreements, they all similarly reflect on the process of modernization led by rationalization, and they call for greater public participation in the decision-making process.

关 键 词：环境社会学 真实主义 建构主义 反思现代性 生态现代化 生态马克思主义 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理] X2[社会学]