柚类种质资源表型多样性分析及综合评价  

Phenotypic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Pomelo Germplasms

作　　者：胡安华 窦万福 祁静静 雷天刚[1] 陈善春[1] 邹修平[1] 彭爱红[1] 许兰珍[1] 姚利晓[1] 何永睿[1] 李强 Hu Anhua;Dou Wanfu;Qi Jingjing;Lei Tiangang;Chen Shanchun;Zou Xiuping;Peng Aihong;Xu Lanzhen;Yao Lixiao;He Yongrui;Li Qiang(National Citrus Engineering Research Center,Citrus Research Institute,Southwest Universit,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing,400712)

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑桔研究所中国农业科学院柑桔研究所国家柑桔工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2020年第2期650-664,共15页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA18118046-6);现代农业产业技术体系建设资金(CARS-26);重庆市社会事业与民生体系保障科技创新专项(cstc2016shms-ztzx80001; cstc2017shms-xdny80051)共同资助

摘　　要：为了建立合理的柚类分类系统并为柚类育种提供参考,本研究以82份柚类种质资源为试材,采用变异系数、Shannon-Weaver多样性指数、方差、相关性、主成分、聚类、回归分析等对其26个表型性状进行多样性分析、差异分析及综合评价。结果表明:这82个品种的26个性状的变异系数为0.26%。其中翼叶面积和果心面积变异较大,其他性状遗传特性较稳定;单果重、果横径、果形指数、果皮厚、囊瓣数、种子数、果心长和宽、叶片长和宽、叶片面积、花瓣宽、花柄长等性状等级分布均匀,翼叶面积、花瓣数、雄蕊长分级较少且分布不均;来源于中国大陆以外品种的果皮厚、叶柄长、翼叶长,明显优于长江流域和珠江流域来源的材料,但雌蕊长则相反;选育品种的叶片长、宽和面积显著大于遗传材料和地方品种;82个品种可聚为大翼叶大果型、大翼叶小果型,小翼叶大果型,小翼叶小果型4个类群;前7个主成分累计贡献率75.57%,包含了柚类表型性状的大部分信息;26个性状F平均值0.45,其中早暹柚得分最高为0.69,红肉琯溪蜜柚最低为0.24;囊瓣数、种子数等12个性状与F值极显著相关;回归方程筛选出单果重、囊瓣数等19个性状。本研究说明柚类种质资源具有较高的表型多样性,筛选出的19个性状可作为柚类综合评价指标,为柚类育种提供科学依据。In order to establish a reasonable classification system and provide a possible reference for pomelo breeding, the variation coefficients, Shannon-Weaver index, variance analysis, correlation, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and regression analysis were comprehensively used for diversity evaluation, differential analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 26 phenotypic traits in 82 pomelo accessions. The results showed that:the variation coefficients of all the 26 traits of 82 accessions was 0.26%. Petiole wing area and fruit axis area possess distinct variants while other traits were more stable. Shannon-Weaver Information Index showed that the diversity level of fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit shape index, pericarp thickness, number of segments per fruit,number of seeds per fruit(NSeeF), fruit axis length(FAL), fruit axis width(FAW), leaf lamina length(LLL), leaf lamina width, leaf lamina area, petal width, handle length were high, while petiole wing area, petal number per flower, stamens length had low diversity level. The pomelo accessions outside China's Mainland had higher average contents of petiole wing area, number per flower and stamens length, lower content of pistil length;Variance analysis showed that bred accessions had larger leaf lamina length, leaf lamina width and leaf lamina area. The 82 species can be clustered into 4 categories: accessions with large fruit and large petiole wing, accessions with small fruit and large petiole wing, accessions with large fruit and small petiole wing, accessions with small fruit and small petiole wing. PCA showed that the variation cumulative contribution rate of the first seven principal components was 75.57%. The average F value from the comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of 82 pomelos was 0.45.Zaoxianyou possesses the highest F value(0.69) while Hongrouguanxi possesses the lowest F value(0.24). The correlation analysis between the phenotypic traits and F value showed that the phenotypic 12 traits were significantly correlated with t

关 键 词：柚 表型 多样性 综合评价 

分 类 号：S666.3[农业科学—果树学]