地方政府的所得税依赖行为对谁更“雪上加霜”：国有企业还是非国有企业？  

Who Is More Vulnerable to the Income Tax Reliance Behavior of Local Governments: State-owned Enterprises or Non-state-owned Enterprises?

作　　者：刘斌[1] 吴迪[1] 张列柯[2] Liu Bin;Wu Di;Zhang Lieke(School of Economics and Business Administration,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China;College of Economics and Management,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学经济与工商管理学院,重庆400030 [2]西南大学经济管理学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《财经研究》2020年第1期155-168,F0003,共15页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71372138);国家社会科学基金重点项目(18AGL009);教育部人文社科规划项目(19YJA630089)

摘　　要：在税收收入超GDP增长的背景下,剖析地方政府的税收行为特征对于推动"降成本"具有重要意义。文章以企业所得税粘性来度量地方政府的所得税依赖行为,分析了地方政府对不同产权性质企业表现出的所得税依赖差异。研究发现,与非国有企业相比,地方政府对国有企业存在更多的所得税依赖。在息税前利润下降的背景下,国有企业所得税下降的比例有限,地方政府的所得税依赖对国有企业更加"雪上加霜"。同时,与中央国有企业相比,地方政府对地方国有企业存在更多的所得税依赖。进一步研究发现,晋升压力和财政压力强化了地方政府对国有企业尤其是地方国有企业的所得税依赖。在经济下行期、国企比例较低和政府干预较多的地区,地方政府对国有企业尤其是地方国有企业存在更多的所得税依赖。此外,地方政府给予所得税依赖更多的国有企业更多的财政补贴,剔除财政补贴的影响后,研究结论保持不变。Tax reduction is an important part of cost reduction that it has attracted the continuous attention of the government. As tax is one of the main sources of government revenue, the local government plays an important role in the tax reduction process. Meanwhile, it is worth noting that the local government is a rational agent, and it has diversified behavior under the development of economical society. Fully understanding the differences of local governments’ income tax reliance behavior will help to identify the obstacles in the process of cost reduction and ensure the implementation of cost reduction.Using Chinese A-share listed companies from 2003 to 2016 and taking enterprise income tax stickiness as the micro-measurement of local governments’ income tax reliance behavior,this paper mainly studies the following questions:First,does the income tax reliance behavior of local governments differ due to enterprises’ property rights and the level of control as enterprises’ profit decline? Second,what factors will moderate the income tax reliance behavior of local governments? Third,will local governments give more financial subsidies to enterprises while they have more income tax reliance on enterprises?This paper finds that the local government shows more income tax reliance on state-owned enterprises,especially on local state-owned enterprises. Further research finds that the promotion pressure,financial pressure,economic cycle,the regional proportion of state-owned enterprises and the government intervention moderate local governments’ income tax reliance behavior. In addition,local governments give more financial subsidies to state-owned enterprises while they have more income tax reliance on state-owned enterprises.This paper makes several contributions. First,based on the existing researches of Anderson, et al.(2003)and Wang, et al.(2018),this paper analyzes enterprise income tax stickiness from the perspective of local governments. Using enterprise income tax stickiness as the micro-measurement of l

关 键 词：所得税依赖 产权性质 控制层级 晋升压力 财政压力 

分 类 号：F812.42[经济管理—财政学] F275.4