添加菌剂和石灰对剑麻麻渣堆肥腐熟效果及养分含量的影响  

Effect of Microbial Inoculants and Lime Addition on Composting Maturity and Nutrient Content of Sisal Residue

作　　者：谭施北[1] 习金根[1] 陈河龙[2] 郑金龙[1] 黄兴[1] 贺春萍[1] 吴伟怀[1] 梁艳琼[1] 张世清[2] 高建明[2] 李锐[1] 易克贤[1] TAN Shibei;XI Jingen;CHEN Helong;ZHENG Jinlong;HUANG Xing;HE Chunping;WU Weihuai;LIANG Yanqiong;ZHANG Shiqing;GAO Jianming;LI Rui;YI Kexian(Danzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs,Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China;Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs,Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,农业农村部儋州农业环境科学观测实验站,海口571101 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所,农业农村部热带作物生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,海口571101

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2020年第2期166-172,共7页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201100);国家麻类产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-19)

摘　　要：为提高剑麻麻渣的肥料化利用效果,对麻渣进行添加微生物菌剂和石灰堆肥试验,研究麻渣的腐熟效果及矿质养分损失率。结果表明,堆肥125 d后,单独添加菌剂处理剑麻麻渣堆肥气味呈泥香味,麻渣发酵液发芽指数比对照显著提高4.1倍,堆肥氮、磷、钾养分含量和损失率影响与对照差异不显著。单独添加石灰具有除臭效果,对堆肥氮、磷养分含量和损失率影响不显著,并且堆肥质量损失率和钾素损失率显著降低,但堆肥发芽指数较低,仅为1%。当菌剂与低水平石灰(石灰∶麻渣=1∶300)混合添加时,堆肥发芽指数显著提高,为对照的2.3倍;堆肥全钾含量显著增加,达3.3 g·kg^-1,比对照提高10%;堆肥质量损失率和钾素损失率显著降低。因此,微生物菌剂可作为腐熟剂单独添加以促进麻渣腐熟,微生物菌剂与低水平石灰混合添加,剑麻麻渣堆肥的腐熟效果最佳,是最佳麻渣腐熟剂。In order to improve the fertilizer utilization effect of sisal residue,this paper conducted an experiment of adding microbial agent and lime to the sisal residue and studied the maturation effect and mineral nutrient loss rate.The results showed that 125 d after composting,the compost smell of sisal residue treated with bacterial agent alone presented mud fragrant,and germination index of sisal residue fermentation broth was significantly increased by 4.1 times than that of the control,and the effect on nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient contents and loss rate of compost was not significantly different from that of the control.Adding lime alone also had deodorizing effect,and there was no remarkable influence on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient contents and loss rate of compost.The compost mass loss rate and potassium loss rate were significantly reduced.But the compost germination index was lower,only 1%.When the microbial agent was mixed with low level lime(lime:sisal residue=1∶300)adding,the germination index of compost was significantly improved,being 2.3 times of that of the control.Meanwhile,the compost total potassium content was outstandingly increased,reaching 3.3 g·kg^-1,10% higher than that of the control.The compost mass loss rate and potassium loss rate were also significantly reduced.Therefore,the initial conclusion was that microorganism inoculants could be added alone as maturation agent to promote maturation of sisal residue.When it was added and mixed with low level lime,the maturation effect of sisal flax residue compost was the best,the microorganism inoculants was a most suitable maturation agent for sisal flax residue.

关 键 词：微生物菌剂 石灰 剑麻 麻渣 堆肥 

分 类 号：S563.8[农业科学—作物学]