论中国民法的法学实证主义道路  

The Jurisprudential Positivism Road of China’s Civil Law

作　　者：汤文平 TANG Wenping(Jinan University Law School)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2020年第1期1-16,191,共17页The Jurist

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“先合同协议研究”(16AFX015)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：我国民法当前所面临的诸多问题都可归结为道路选择的问题。要避免法学因法典编纂后如影随形的法律实证主义潮流堕落为"法之蛀虫",继续保持蓬勃的发展势头,为世界民法担当原创使命,并沿一带一路催生新共同法。这是一条法学实证主义的道路。但在法史上,法学实证主义只是法律实证主义等术语的陪衬,近代以来后法典时代的民法发展为此要走很长弯路,才有意无意间重还先贤的定见。应从法史、法哲学、方法论三大维度,认清法学实证主义的根本追求是打开法律实证主义及法典带来的枷锁,确保现行法能自由地进化,确保个案正义,同时却又不断提升现行法的稳定力。这一道路选择将回应再次超越国界、取法乎上、打造新共同法的时代吁求,使中国民法的发展道路深深嵌入世界民法的发展背景之中。而我们当前所面临的诸多问题,也有望从中得到妥当的解决。A large number of problems with which China’s civil law is faced can all be due to the matter of the choice of road.It is necessary for us to keep the jurisprudence from degenerating into"a worm of law"because of the trend of legal positivism which develops following the codification of civil law,and enables it to continue maintaining a vigorous momentum of development,to play an original mission for the world’s civil law,and to produce new common law along with the conduct of the Belt and Road initiative.This is the very course of jurisprudential positivism.However,in the history of law,jurisprudential positivism was nothing but a foil to the terminologies like legal positivism.Therefore,in modern times,civil law in the post-code era has to trudge in such a long zigzag path to develop itself and consciously or unintentionally returned to the views of the previous wise scholars.From the three dimensions of legal history,legal philosophy,and methodology,we should understand that the fundamental pursuit of jurisprudential positivism is to open the shackles brought by legal positivism and codes,to ensure that the current law can freely evolve,to ensure case justice,and at the same time to ensure that the stability of current law is promoted.This choice of road will respond to the call of the era that once again transcends national borders,makes strict demand,and builds a new common law,so that the development path of Chinese civil law is deeply embedded in the development background of world civil law.And the many problems we face now are also expected to be properly solved.

关 键 词：法学实证主义 法律实证主义 民法典编纂 法教义学体系 新共同法 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]