基于CRISPR-Cas13家族的RNA编辑系统及其最新进展  

Research Progress on CRISPR-Cas13-mediated RNA Editing System

作　　者：陈敏洁[1,3] 唐桂月 洪香娜 郝沛 江静 李轩[1] CHEN Min-jie;TANG Gui-yue;HONG Xiang-na;HAO Pei;JIANG Jing;LI Xuan(Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences,Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032;Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology,Institute Pasteur of Shanghai,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031;Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,School of Life Sciences,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院分子植物科学卓越中心合成生物学重点实验室,上海200032 [2]中国科学院上海巴斯德研究所病原发现与大数据中心,上海200000 [3]河南大学生命科学学院棉花生物学国家重点实验室植物逆境生物学重点实验室,开封475004

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2020年第3期1-8,共8页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0900700);原核生物基因组的人工设计与合成(2018YFA0903700);国家自然科学基金项目(31771412,31972881);中科院战略生物资源服务网络计划“生物资源衍生库”项目(ZSYS-014)

摘　　要：存在于细菌和古菌中的获得性免疫系统CRISPR-Cas目前已被广泛应用到生物技术领域,尤其是靶向DNA的CRISPR-Cas9技术。然而CRISPR-Cas系统靶向RNA的技术还处于初步应用阶段。Ⅵ型CRISPR-Cas系统(CRISPR-Cas13)的发现,揭示了RNA引导的RNA靶向性。CRISPR-Cas13是目前CRISPR-Cas家族中唯一只靶向ssRNA的系统,为RNA靶向和RNA编辑奠定了基础。根据Cas13系统发育已证明将Ⅵ型CRISPR-Cas系统分为4种亚型(A-D)。主要对目前最新的靶向RNA技术的CRISPR-Cas13家族的分类以及防御机制进行了综述,介绍了CRISPR-Cas13技术的应用以及基于CRISPR-Cas13家族的RNA编辑系统的最新研究进展。最后,对目前CRISPR-Cas13 RNA编辑技术体系存在的问题进行了分析和对未来的发展进行展望。The immune defense system CRISPR-Cas,which is universal in bacteria and archaea,has now been extensively used in the field of biotechnology,especially CRISPR-Cas9 for targeting DNA.However,the RNA-targeted CRISPR-Cas technology is still in the preliminary application stage.The discovery of VI-type CRISPR-Cas system(CRISPR-Cas13)reveals RNA-guided RNA targeting.CRISPRCas13 is the system in the CRISPR-Cas family that targets only ssRNA so far,which lays a foundation for RNA targeting and RNA editing.It has recently been demonstrated that VI-type CRISPR-Cas system can be divided into 4 subtypes(A-D)based on Cas13 phylogeny.Here we review the classification and defense mechanisms of the latest RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas13 systems,describes the advances in applications of CRISPR-Cas13 systems and in CRISPR-Cas13-mediated RNA editing system,and finally we analyze the remaining questions and highlight the prospects in CRISPR-Cas13-mediated RNA editing system.

关 键 词：CRISPR-Cas13 RNA编辑 RNA技术 A>I C>U 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学] Q522