鳞翅目昆虫基因编辑技术研究进展  

Research Progress in Genome Editing of Lepidoptera Insects

作　　者：程英 靳明辉 萧玉涛 CHENG Ying;JIN Ming-hui;XIAO Yu-tao(Agricultural Genomics Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518120;Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518120;Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Shenzhen 518120)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所,深圳518120 [2]中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所,深圳518120 [3]岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心,深圳518120

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2020年第3期18-28,共11页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：大鹏新区产业发展专项资金扶持项目(KY20180115)

摘　　要：鳞翅目昆虫种类繁多,遗传多样性极高,通过基因编辑对其基因功能进行研究,解析其遗传及生理生化调控机理是一种高效实用的方法。鳞翅目昆虫基因编辑技术主要有3种:锌指核酸酶(Zinc finger nucleases,ZFNs)技术、转录激活因子样效应蛋白核酸酶(Transcription activator-like effector nucleases,TALENs)技术和CRISPR/Cas技术,其原理是在基因组特定位点制造DNA双链断裂,从而激活机体自身的DNA损伤修复机制,在此过程中产生插入、删除等多种突变类型。就此3种主要基因编辑技术的原理及应用于重要鳞翅目昆虫如家蚕、斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫等基因编辑研究进展进行简要综述,为鳞翅目昆虫功能基因组研究、昆虫生理生化、昆虫行为学研究及建立害虫绿色防控体系提供参考。最后,对基因编辑技术在鳞翅目昆虫中的应用现状做简要总结,对建立鳞翅目昆虫适用的基因编辑技术及应用前景进行展望。Insects of the order Lepidoptera are among the most diverse and species-rich groups of organisms.Gene function research through genome editing is an efficient and practical way to study the genetic,physiological and biochemical regulation mechanism.The technologies of zinc finger nucleases(ZFNs),transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs)and CRISPR/Cas(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR;CRISPR associated protein,Cas)are 3 major genome editing techniques applied in Lepidoptera insects genome editing.Their basic principle is as such:triggering DNA damage repair mechanism by making DNA doublestrand breaks(DSBs)damages in the genome,and subsequently resulting in the mutations of inserting and deleting.In this paper,the basic principles of the ZFNs,TALENs and CRISPR/Cas technologies and research progresses on their applications in order Lepidoptera insects such as Bombyx mori,Spodoptera litura,Helicoverpa armigera are briefly overviewed.This provides references for functional genomics study,insect physiology and biochemistry,insect ethology and the establishment of green pest control system.Finally,the application status of genome editing technology in Lepidoptera insects is briefly summarized,and the establishment and application of Lepidoptera-specific gene editing technology are prospected.

关 键 词：锌指核酸酶 转录激活因子样效应蛋白核酸酶 CRISPR/Cas 鳞翅目 基因编辑 

分 类 号：S433.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] Q78[农业科学—植物保护]