国际比较视角下老年社会服务体制的多样性——兼论中国老年社会服务体制的新结构化  

Diversification of Social Service Schemes for the Aged Based on International Comparison: Re-structuration of China’s Social Service Schemes for the Aged

作　　者：林闽钢[1,2] 王锴 Lin Mingang;Wang Kai(Nanjing University,Nanjing)

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会保障研究中心 [2]南京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2020年第1期44-52,共9页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目:“社会服务管理体制改革与社会管理创新”(项目编号:12&ZD063)

摘　　要：人口老龄化对世界各国的老年社会服务提出了挑战。文章认为,基于混合福利视角,已有的研究区分了在北欧的斯堪的纳维亚体制、家庭照顾体制、家计调查体制和南欧体制四种老年社会服务体制。依据东亚地区"照顾菱形"的研究,也可以划分出东亚典型家庭主义、非典型家庭主义和非典型自由主义等三种老年社会服务体制。对比来看,在从计划经济的单位制走向社区制的养老服务社会化过程中,中国老年社会服务体制以国家为主导、社区为主干、市场和志愿性组织共同参与的居家养老的"伞"形结构特征突显。为此,今后需要充分发挥出国家、家庭和社会相互支持所形成的合力,为老年人居家养老营造支持性的社会环境。The aging of the global population poses a challenge to social services for the aged in various countries. Based on the mixed economy of welfare, some studies have distinguished the Scandinavian regime, the family care regime, the household survey regime and the southern European regime. According to the study of "care diamond" in East Asia, there are three social service regimes for the aged in East Asia, including typical familism, atypical familism and atypical liberalism. Comparing and analyzing China’s aging service regimes, we can find that from the planned economy unit system to the community system, the elderly service socialization process, the "umbrella" structure of home-based care, which is dominated by the state, community-oriented and participated by the market and voluntary organizations, is prominent. As a result, we need to give full play to the synergy formed by mutual support of the state, families and society to create a supportive social environment for the elderly to live at home.

关 键 词：老年社会服务 混合福利经济 照顾菱形 伞形结构 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]