小农户生产与农业现代化发展:日本现代农业政策的演变与启示  

Production of Small Farmers and Agricultural Modernization: The Evolution and Enlightenments of Modern Agricultural Policy in Japan

作　　者：廖媛红[1] 宋默西 Liao Yuanhong;Song Moxi(China Agricultural University,Beijing)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2020年第1期84-92,共9页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：教育部“双一流”建设项目“农业社会化服务促进小农户生产和现代农业发展有机衔接的路径研究”(项目编号:00119363)

摘　　要：一个国家的资源禀赋特征在很大程度上决定了其农业农村发展的道路。中国和日本两国的农业均具有生产经营规模细小的特征。自20世纪60年代以来,日本通过对农业政策和措施的多次调整,在小农户生产的基础上,努力推进农业现代化进程。文章首先系统梳理了日本解决小农户生产与农业现代化发展的具体政策措施:提升农民的素质现代化;推动小农户的机械化与服务化;促进土地适度规模化;加强小农户的生产经营组织化;引导农业的"六次产业化"等。接下来,分析了日本现代农业政策的实施效果。最后,总结了对我国实现小农生产与农业现代化衔接问题的几点启示:第一,从基本国情出发,立足小农户生产发展现代农业;第二,通过多种渠道提升小农户发展能力;第三,积极推进多种形式的适度规模经营;第四,加快三产融合,让小农户分享产业链增值收益。How to develop agriculture in a country depends largely on the characteristics of its resources. Agriculture in China and Japan are similar;both are small-scale operations. Since the 1960 s, Japan has made efforts to adjust agricultural policies and measures for many times, to promote agricultural modernization based on small farmers. This paper systematically studies the policies and measures to solve the problems about production of small farmers and agricultural modernization in Japan, including strengthening the organization of production and management of small farmers, promoting the mechanization and service awareness of small farmers, modernizing their quality, and guiding the six industrialization initiatives for agriculture. After analyzing the effect of these measures in Japan, some policy suggestions for China are proposed. Firstly, modern agriculture should be developed based on small famers. Secondly, the abilities of small farmers should be enhanced through a variety of measures. Thirdly, the production scale of small farmer should be enlarged in many ways. Finally, the three major industries should be integrated so that the small farmers can share the value-added benefits of the industrial chain.

关 键 词：小农户生产 现代农业发展 日本农业政策 演变与启示 

分 类 号：F124.6[经济管理—世界经济]