青藏高原北部多温型山谷冰川不同海拔处冰温变化研究——以祁连山老虎沟12号冰川为例  

Ice temperature changing with elevations of a polythermal valley glacier in the northern Tibetan Plateau: a case study on the Laohugou Glacier No.12, Qilian Mountains

作　　者：朱荣 陈记祖 孙维君 秦翔 刘宇硕 ZHU Rong;CHEN Jizu;SUN Weijun;QIN Xiang;LIU Yushuo(Gansu Institute o f Architectural Design and Research,Lanzhou 730030,China;Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment,State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Geography and Environment,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省建筑设计研究院,甘肃兰州730030 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室祁连山冰川与生态环境综合观测研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [3]山东师范大学地理与环境学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2019年第6期1292-1301,共10页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA2002010202);国家自然科学基金项目(41971073);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(18JR4RA002);冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室开放课题(SKLCS-OP-2019-01)资助

摘　　要：冰川温度是表征冰川物理属性和响应气候变化的关键指标。2010年7月至2011年11月在祁连山老虎沟12号冰川积累区(5040 m)、多年平衡线处(4900 m)和消融区(4550 m)开展了活动层(22 m深,1 m间隔)冰温连续观测。2011年10月在冰川积累区4971 m处钻得165 m深孔获取了115 m深层冰温廓线。研究发现:三个区域活动层下界的深度均在约17 m处,多年平衡线处冰温最低(-7.4℃),消融区次之(-3.68℃),积累区活动层下界冰温最高(-2.74℃)且波动最为持续,可能主要与常年积雪覆盖有关。冰温年波动随深度增加均逐渐降低,对气温变化的响应周期亦逐渐增大。与其他冰川最低温相比,老虎沟12号冰川冰温对气候变化响应敏感,过去50年来受全球变暖影响冰温显著增加。积累区深孔冰温显示50 m深度之下冰温呈线性上升,垂直增温率为0.033℃·m^-1,据此推测其底部冰温为0.02℃,主要与底部应变热有关。Ice temperature not only represented glacier attribution,but also responded to climate change.A continuous observations of ice temperature within the active layer(22 m deep,1 m interval)were carried out in the accumulation zone(5040 m),multi-year equilibrium line(4900 m)and ablation zone(4550 m)of the Laohugou Glacier No.12,Qilian Mountains,from July 2010 to November 2011.And then,a profile of ice temperature,115 m in depth,in the accumulation zone(4971 m)had been obtained on October 2011.It was found that all lower bound of ice temperature affected by seasonal climate variation at the three zones had clearly been identified at about 17-m depth,of which one had relative low ice temperature in the multi-year equilibrium line(-7.4℃),followed by that in the ablation zone(-3.68℃).In the accumulation zone,ice temperature was the highest(-2.74℃)and fluctuated continuously due to covered snow.Ice temperature was decreased with elevation as a whole,which had lower value in the multi-year equilibrium line but raised again in the percolation zone.With depth increasing,the fluctuation of annual ice temperature was weakened,and the respond period to climate change was also enlarged.Compared with the observation at the same place in 1959 as well as the lowest ice temperatures on the other glaciers,it was found that ice temperatures of the Laohugou Glacier No.12 had been sensitive to climate change and had increased by global warming in past 50 years.In addition,the ice temperature of deep hole in the accumulation zone was raised linearly with an increasing rate of 0.033℃·m^-1 at the depth below 50 m.The basal ice temperature(165-m depth)was estimated as 0.02℃,which was relative to strain heat near the base.

关 键 词：多温型冰川 冰川温度 活动层 深层 祁连山 老虎沟12号冰川 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]