1959-2017年天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川流域径流及其组分变化  

Changes of the runoff and its components in Urumqi Glacier No.1 catchment, Tianshan Mountains, 1959-2017

作　　者：贾玉峰 李忠勤[1,2] 金爽 徐春海 张明军 邓海军[3] 梁鹏斌 刘爽爽 JIA Yufeng;LI Zhongqin;JIN Shuang;XU Chunhai;ZHANG Mingjun;DENG Haijun;LIANG Pengbin;LIU Shuangshuang(College of Geography and Environment Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science/Tianshan Glciciological Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川观测试验站,甘肃兰州730000 [3]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福建福州350007 [4]云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2019年第6期1302-1312,共11页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0201);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA20020102);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作研究项目(41761134093);国家自然科学基金项目(41561016; 41771077)资助

摘　　要：冰川是气候变化的指示器,气候变化对冰川及其径流的影响研究是目前国内外关注的热点和前沿领域之一,目前的研究以模拟为主,实测资料十分有限且不确定性很大。以新疆天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川(简称"1号冰川")流域为例,基于中国科学院天山冰川观测试验站1959-2017年观测数据,研究了中国西部典型小型冰川流域径流及其组分长期变化以及对气候变化的响应,为冰川径流长期变化过程的认识提供重要参考。结果表明,1号冰川流域径流主要由冰川径流和非冰川区降水径流组成,分别占70%和30%。其中冰川径流又可分为冰川区降水径流和冰川融水径流,分别占44%和26%。59年间,冰川径流整体呈上升趋势,在1992年之后出现了一个阶梯式的上升,与气温升高和降水的增加有关,1997-2007年达到高峰,2008年以后出现波动下降趋势,其原因除了与该时段的降水有所减少有关之外,冰川面积减小的影响也不可忽视。另外,还利用实测径流和冰川物质平衡值,通过水量平衡模型,检验了模型使用的冰川区和非冰川区径流系数。Glacier is an indicator of climate change.Now the impact of climate change on glacier and glacial runoff is one of the hot and frontier researches at home and abroad.Studies on the processes and mechanisms of glacial runoff are focuses on simulation since the lack of in situ measured data.Hence we take Urumqi Glacier No.1 catchment at the headwaters of the Urumqi River as an example,based on recent 59-year runoff data observed at Urumqi Glacier No.1 Hydrology Station,mass balance of the glacier,meteorological data at Daxigou to study the long-term variations of runoff and its components in Urumqi Glacier No.1 catchment and its response to climate change.Results indicate that the annual total runoff at the station is 204.33×10~4 m^3 averaged over the past 59 years.Glacial runoff accounts for the highest proportion(70%)of the total runoff,precipitation runoff in non-glaciarized area makes up 30%of the total runoff.Glacial runoff can be divided into precipitation runoff in glacial areas and glacier mass balance,accounting for 44%and 26%,respectively.Glacial runoff and its components at Urumqi Glacier No.1 Hydrology Station show an overall upward trend during the period of 1959-2017.Precipitation-produced runoff in glacial and non-glacial areas mainly depends on the amount of total precipitation and has presented a ladder-like upswing trend since 1996.With the decrease of glacier area,the precipitation runoff in non-glaciarized area has an increasing trend while in glaciarized area has a decreasing trend.The total runoff,glacial runoff and mass balance are correlated well with the mean air temperature of July-August,and also show positively relationship with precipitation.The variation of glacial runoff can be divided into four stages:a low level stage from 1959 to 1984,a rising stage from 1985 to 1996,a peak stage from 1997 to 2007 and a declining stage from 2008 to 2017.In the stage of 2008-2017,glacial runoff showed a weak decreasing trend and did not coincide with the increase of air temperature,which may be att

关 键 词：冰川水文 乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川 水量平衡模型 冰川径流 冰川物质平衡 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学] P339[天文地球—地球物理学]