冰川表面冰尘洞内病毒研究进展  

Advance in researches of virus in cryoconite on glacier surface

作　　者：臧琳 刘勇勤[1,2,3] 刘晓波 ZANG Lin;LIU Yongqin;LIU Xiaobo(Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Sueface Processes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Kathmandu Center for Research and Education,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kathmandu 44618,Nepal)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青藏高原研究所高寒生态学与生物多样性重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院青藏高原环境变化与地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国科学院加德满都科教中心,尼泊尔加德满都44618

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2019年第6期1496-1504,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目（91851207;41771086）资助

摘　　要：病毒在驱动生态系统高生物多样性形成以及生态系统营养物和有机物的循环过程中均发挥着重要的作用。冰川洞作为冰冻圈微生物活动的热点,为病毒提供了特殊的生存环境,驱使病毒产生了生存与适应机制。通过综述国际上近些年来关于冰川表面冰尘洞内病毒的主要研究成果,内容涉及冰尘洞在冰川生态系统中的重要性,冰尘洞内病毒的丰度与生产力,冰尘洞内病毒的遗传多样性,病毒与宿主的相互作用关系,以及病毒对于冰尘洞碳循环和食物网的重要性。此外,还总结了当前冰尘洞内病毒研究存在的空白:形态多样性、降解率、分离培养、冰川表面散落冰尘内病毒,指出了未来研究需要重点关注的几个方面,为进一步研究病毒对于冰尘洞生态系统的重要影响提供科学参考,并且对青藏高原冰川表面冰尘洞内病毒未来的研究提出了展望。Viruses play an important role in driving the formation of high biodiversity of ecosystems and the cycling of nutrients and organic matter in ecosystems.As a hot spot of microbial activity in cryosphere,cryoconite holes provide a special habitat for viruses,which drives viruses to survive and adapt to extremely cold habitats.This review presents some of the findings and discussions of viruses in the cryoconite holes on the surface of glaciers in recent years,which relate to the importance of cryoconite holes in the glacial ecosystems,the abundance,productivity and genetic diversity of viruses in cryoconite holes,the interaction between viruses and hosts,and the importance of viruses for the carbon cycle and food web of cryoconite holes.Moreover,this review summarizes the gaps in the current research on viruses in cryoconite holes:viral morphological diversity,viral degradation rate,isolation and culture,and the viruses in cryoconite on glacier surface.This article points out several aspects which need to be focused on in future research,and offers a reference for the further study of the important effects of viruses in cryoconite holes.Based on the former studies,it is put forwards a future prospect of the research on the viruses in cryoconite holes of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关 键 词：病毒 冰川 冰尘洞 营养物质循环 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学] Q938[天文地球—地球物理学]