中国气候变化政策工具类型及其作用——基于中央层面政策文本的分析  

The Types and Functions of China’s Climate Change Policy Instruments:Based on an Analysis of Central-level Policy Texts

作　　者：郑石明 要蓉蓉[2] 魏萌 Zheng Shiming;Yao Kongrong;Wei Meng(School of Public Administration and Emergency Management,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632;School of Public Administration,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学公共管理学院/应急管理学院,广州510632 [2]华南理工大学公共管理学院,广州510641

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2019年第12期87-95,共9页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国大气环境污染区域协同治理研究”（编号：17ZDA063）;国家自然科学基金面上项目“绿色创新政策对环境治理绩效的影响：机制、路径及其效应”（编号：71673308）;中央高校基本科研业务费项目“基于大数据的大气环境污染协同治理机制与政策创新研究”（编号：2018PY03）

摘　　要：气候变化政策工具作为实现气候政策目标的手段,对气候变化治理和政策执行效果起到至关重要的作用。本文通过搜集中央层面于1978-2018年颁布的与气候变化问题相关的政策文本,进行筛选与逐条编码,得到305条文本条款,采用内容分析法,从气候变化政策工具类型与适用领域2个维度、7个具体适用领域分别进行阐述。研究发现,三种政策工具中,混合型政策工具的使用频率最高;在政策工具适用领域中,森林和林业领域的相关政策数量最多。针对这个现象,本文提出相应的政策建议:要均衡使用各种政策工具,适当提高自愿型和强制型政策工具的比重,提升生态环境领域政策工具在应对气候变化问题中的作用。As the major means to realize climate change objectives,climate change policy instruments play a crucial role in effective climate change governance and policy implementation.Through collecting the policy texts relating to climate change issues promulgated by the central government from 1978 to 2018,this paper selects and codes them one by one,and then obtains 305 text terms.With the content analysis method,the paper processes respectively from two dimensions of climate change policy instrument type and application field,and 7 concrete application fields.Results show that the mixed instruments are the most frequently used among three policy instruments,and the number of the forest policies is the most among all the application fields of policy instruments.Aiming at this phenomenon,the paper puts forward policy recommendations:the application of different policy instruments should be balanced,the proportion of voluntary and mandatory policy instruments should be appropriately raised and the usage of ecological environmental policy instruments should be promoted.

关 键 词：气候变化政策 政策工具 政策文本 内容分析法 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]