低温下MBBR强化硝化原理分析和应用  

Principle Analysis and Application of MBBR Enhanced Nitrification at Low Temperature

作　　者：郑志佳 白华清 孟涛 门艳辉 张晶晶 吴迪 尚菊红 ZHENG Zhi-jia;BAI Hua-qing;MENG Tao;MEN Yan-hui;ZHANG Jing-jing;WU Di;SHANG Ju-hong(Qingdao Spring Water-treatment Co.Ltd.,Qingdao 266555,China;Southwest Municipal Engineering Design&Research Institute of China,Chengdu 610081,China;Monitoring Center of Changzhi Environmental Protection Agency,Changzhi 046000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛思普润水处理股份有限公司,山东青岛266555 [2]中国市政工程西南设计研究总院有限公司,四川成都610081 [3]长治市环境监控中心,山西长治046000

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2019年第23期6-11,共6页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07106005-04);青岛市民生科技计划项目(18-6-1-100-nsh)

摘　　要：为探索寒冷地区冬季低温期污水处理厂出水氨氮不达标的解决措施,拟采用移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)工艺予以强化。测试污水厂改造前污泥在夏季(20℃)和冬季(8℃)的硝化速率,发现低温期出水氨氮不达标的主要原因是活性污泥泥龄不足,温度对硝化菌群活性的影响次之。通过污水厂MBBR升级改造,解决了出水氨氮冬季不达标问题,在6~8℃下,出水氨氮始终保持在5 mg/L以下、平均为1.51 mg/L,去除率达到94.2%,系统具有较好的耐低温性能。测试改造后悬浮载体在夏季(20℃)和冬季(8℃)的硝化速率,发现悬浮载体的硝化速率受温度影响的显著性低于活性污泥。改造后,冬季活性污泥中的硝化菌群相对丰度仍不足1.0%,但悬浮载体上Nitrosomonas、Nitrospira的相对丰度分别达到了7.64%、1.97%,硝化菌群相对丰度合计为9.61%,悬浮载体在低温期间能够保持一定数量的硝化菌群,进而保证了冬季低温期的氨氮去除效果。The moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)process was applied to enhance nitrification of the wastewater treatment plant in the cold region aiming to solve the problem that the effluent ammonia nitrogen was not up to the standard in winter.By testing the nitrification rate of the sludge in the summer(20℃)and winter(8℃)before reconstruction,it was found that the main reason for the effluent ammonia nitrogen not up to the standard was the short sludge retention time,followed by the influence of temperature on the activity of nitrification bacteria.The problem was solved through upgrading and reconstructing the wastewater treatment plant by MBBR.At 6-8℃,the effluent ammonia nitrogen was always less than 5 mg/L with an average value of 1.51 mg/L,and the removal rate reached 94.2%,indicating that the system had good low temperature resistance.The nitrification rate of the suspended carriers in the summer(20℃)and winter(8℃)after reconstruction was tested,and it was found that the effect of temperature on the nitrification rate of suspended carrier was significantly lower than that of activated sludge.After reconstruction,the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge in winter was still less than 1.0%,but the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira on the suspended carriers reached 7.64% and 1.97% respectively,and the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria accounted for 9.61%.The suspended carriers could maintain a certain number of nitrifying bacteria during low temperature period,thus enhancing the ammonia nitrogen removal in winter.

关 键 词：移动床生物膜反应器 低温 硝化 亚硝化单胞菌 硝化螺旋菌 升级改造 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]