基于纽约占用执照规则框架建构我国建筑使用管理制度  

Establishing Building Use Management System in China Based on the Regulation Framework of New York’s Certificate of Occupancy

作　　者：周剑云[1] 黎淑翎 戚冬瑾[1] 庞晓媚[1] ZHOU Jian-yun;LI Shu-ling;QI Dong-jin;PANG Xiao-mei(School of Architecture,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学建筑学院

出　　处：《中国软科学》2019年第12期1-16,共16页China Soft Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51978273);广东省高等教育教学研究和改革项目(x2jz/Y1181381);华南理工大学中央高校基本业务费自然科学类面上项目(x2jzD2190730);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“基于行动者关联法的地方开发控制及其制度构建:以广州市为例”(51908222);中央高校基本科研业务费社科类项目(博士启动专项)“广州市城市规划许可的分类及程序优化设计”(2018BSXM12)

摘　　要：由于建筑使用冲突而引发的邻里纠纷和社会矛盾暴露出城市公共管理的制度性缺陷,也为实施城市规划发展目标带来现实的挑战。从20世纪初纽约建筑法规确定"占用执照"以来,纽约的蓬勃发展和长期持续繁荣反映出以"占用执照"为特征的建筑使用管理制度是值得借鉴的管治方式。本文举例分析了纽约现行"占用执照"的内容与规则框架;深入讨论了"用途与权力"、"用地分类与用途分组"、"土地用途管理与建筑用途管理"等三组核心概念;剖析了我国规划建设管理体系和土地用途管理制度,揭示作为管治体系末端的建筑使用管理制度缺失的现象。在参照台湾和澳门建筑使用管理制度的基础上,论文建议结合我国现行规划管理框架,以纽约建筑占用执照为制度建设的远景目标,以澳门建筑使用准照为制度建设的基础和起点,建构适合我国国情的建筑使用法规与管理制度,并提出了设立"使用准照"的规则框架和实施途径。The constant emergence of the neighborhood disputes and social contradictions resulted from the problem of building use reveals the deficiency in the legal system and public administration system of building use management in China, and brings challenges for the accomplishment of planning goals.The continuous development and prosperity of New York since the city introduced the Certificate of Occupancy(CO)inits building codes in the early 20th century imply that the regulatory framework of building use management based on CO is worth learning. This paper analyses the content and framework of the regulations of New York’s CO. It studies 3 groups of core concepts: use and power, land use classifications and use groups, land use management and building use management. Based on the understanding of the construction management system and the land use management institution, it reveals the building management, as the end of the management system, is deficient. Referring to the building management system in Taiwan and Macao, this paper suggests that China establish tailored building use management laws and system which fit in the present planning management framework. The CO in New York can be the long-term goal, while the Utilization License in Macao can be the foundation and starting point. It further makes suggestions on the regulatory framework and implementation path of China’s CO.

关 键 词：建筑用途管治 规划管理 公共管理 区划 纽约 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]