北京松山自然保护区中型捕食动物的食物构成分析  

Food composition of medium sized carnivores in Beijing Songshan Nature Reserve

作　　者：范雅倩 杨婧 张洪亮 蒋健 蒋万杰 唐书培 鲍伟东[2] FAN Ya-qian;YANG Jing;ZHANG Hong-liang;JIANG Jian;JIANG Wan-jie;TANG Shu-pei;BAO Wei-dong(Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve Administration,Beijing 102115;College of Biological Science and Biotechnology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京松山国家级自然保护区管理处,北京102115 [2]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2020年第1期59-62,共4页Journal of Biology

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z181100005318004-1);北京松山自然保护区珍稀哺乳动物保护监测项目(2017004)

摘　　要：明确同一栖息地内捕食动物的食物组成,是理解动物种间共存、群落发展趋势和生态系统结构与功能稳定的重要基础。2017年采用样线法收集北京松山国家级自然保护区食肉动物粪便样品101份,以食物残留物出现频率法对亚洲狗獾、貉和豹猫进行了食物构成比较研究。结果表明,3种捕食者主要取食小型哺乳类动物,其中,鼠类出现率为56.7%,鸟类出现率为12.7%。亚洲狗獾以取食林姬鼠(38.9%)和田鼠(16.7%)较多,貉与豹猫的食物构成相似,但豹猫的猎物中鸟类(25.7%)较多。通过比较3种捕食动物的食物生态位重叠度和生态位宽度,发现彼此之间竞争较强,但在主要食物上出现分离,由此讨论3种捕食动物的种间共存关系。Understanding food competition relationship of predators in the sympatric range is an important basis for clarifying population development trends and ecosystem structural and functional stability.In 2017,101 fecal samples of three carnivore species were collected by line transect and food content frequency analysis method was used to compare the food composition of Asian badger(Meles leuculus),raccoon dogs(Nyctereutes procyonoides)and leopard cat(Prionailurus bengalensis)at Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve.The results showed that the food ingredients of these carnivores were dominated by small mammals,the occurrence frequency of rodents was 56.7%,followed by birds with a frequency of 12.7%.Asian badger preferred to eat field mouse(38.9%)and microtus voles(16.7%).In many cases,raccoon dogs and leopard cats had similar food composition,but leopard cats took more bird prey(25.7%).When comparing the food niche overlap and niche breadth of the three predators,the competition in general prey components between species was obvious,but the separation was appeared on the main prey.The coexistence and competition relationship of the three sympatric predators were discussed.

关 键 词：亚洲狗獾 豹猫 貉 食物生态位 种间竞争 

分 类 号：Q951[生物学—动物学] Q958