基于社会技术系统的高处坠落事故致因关联性研究  

Association analysis of causes in fall-from-height construction accidents based on sociotechnical systems

作　　者：李珏 刘焕 王幼芳 候云飞 LI Jue;LIU Huan;WANG Youfang;HOU Yunfei(School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410014,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学交通运输工程学院

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2020年第2期524-532,共9页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71371036)

摘　　要：为系统分析高处坠落事故的产生机理,运用社会技术系统理论,分析个人子系统、技术子系统、组织管理子系统和环境子系统对事故发生的影响;通过文献分析、事故研究和专家讨论识别35个影响事故发生的致因因素,建立高处坠落事故宏观工效学模型(MM);再根据201份事故报告数据,运用社会网络分析(SNA)构建高处坠落事故致因关系网络,分析网络的中心度情况;采用潜在类别模型(LCA)分析主要致因的整体交互作用。研究结果表明:高处坠落事故关系网络中,存在40~64岁的普通工人、安全教育培训不到位和工人违规操作等核心节点,防坠落系统,护栏或安全网不合格等纽带节点,感知与决策失误等独立发挥作用节点;高处坠落事故存在4类典型MM,得出各类模型中主要致因的交互作用。综合各因素间相关性,提出针对性的高处坠落事故干预对策。This study was to systematically analyze the mechanism of the fall-from-height construction accidents. First, the theory of sociotechnical systems was used to analyze the impacts of personnel subsystem, technological subsystem, organizational management subsystem and environmental subsystem on accidents. Second, potential causes of 35 direct accidents were identified from literature survey, accident study and expert discussions, then the macro-ergonomics model(MM) of fall-from-height accidents was established. Third, social network analysis(SNA) was adopted to build an accident causation network for analyzing the centrality of network. Finally, latent class analysis(LCA) was utilized to explore the overall interaction of the main causes. The results show that in the relationship network of fall-from-height accidents, the core nodes are ordinary workers with the ages between 40 and 64 and inadequate safety training and workers’ illegal operations. The bond nodes include the factor of unqualified fall arrest system, guardrails, or safety nets. Perception and decision-making error independently play a role in the node. The findings identify four typical MM, thus revealing the causative interaction in various models. Synthesizing the correlation between each factor and the targeted intervention strategies to prevent the high falling accidents were proposed.

关 键 词：高处坠落 社会技术系统 宏观工效学模型 事故致因 社会网络分析 潜在类别分析 

分 类 号：X948[环境科学与工程—安全科学]