隧道防突水岩体的破坏模式、特征及预警判识  

FAILURE MODES,CHARACTERISTICS AND EARLY WARNING IDENTIFICATION OF ROCK MASS RESISTING WATER GUSHING-OUT IN TUNNEL

作　　者：刘希亮[1] 武文龙[1] 郭佳奇[1] LIU Xiliang;WU Wenlong;GUO Jiaqi(Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Underground Engineering and Disaster Prevention,School of Civil Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学土木工程学院河南省地下工程与灾变防控重点实验室

出　　处：《工业建筑》2020年第1期109-117,183,共10页Industrial Construction

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51778215);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2013CB036003);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2018M631114)

摘　　要：突水作为一种地质灾害,在岩溶隧道的建设中较为常见。防突岩体的结构类型、破坏模式与突水灾害的发生密切相关。通过对30例突水事故的统计分析,发现突水灾害主要发生在深长大跨岩溶隧道中,突水量集中在100~10000 m^3/h;根据案例中对防突水岩体结构的具体描述提出了完整-较完整结构、层状碎裂结构、块状破碎结构、断续结构、土-石混合结构和致密散体结构六种结构类型,对每种岩体结构的破坏模式进行详细的阐述;描述三类具有代表性的防突岩体在高水压作用下的渗透特征,得出突水通道的形成是内部裂隙在高水压的反复作用下,不断发生扩展、贯通和冲刷扩径的渐变过程。最后,为预测突水发生的可能性,对突涌水水压力的大小及其变化趋势、防突岩体变形破坏时的位移变化和岩体温度场受地下水影响的变化等信息进行辨析,将其作为突水灾害的预警辨识,在突水发生之前采取措施对灾害进行控制。As a kind of geological disaster,water gushing-out is more common in the construction of karst tunnels,and the structural type,failure mode of the rock mass resisting water gushing-out is closely related to the occurrence of such disaster.Through the statistical analysis on 30 cases of water gushing-out accidents,it was found that the water gushing-out disaster mainly occurred in the deep-long and long-span karst tunnel,and the discharge of water was about 100 to 10000 m^3/h.Based on the detail description of the rock mass resisting water gushing-out structure in the cases,six structural types were summerized,including intact to relatively intact structure,layered fragmented structure,block fractured structure,intermittent structure,soil-rock mixture structure and dense bulk structure.The failure mode of each rock mass structure was described in detail.Then,the permeability characteristics of three representative types of rock mass resisting water gushing-out under high water pressure were described.It was known that the formation of water gushing-out channel was a gradual process in which the internal joint and fissure expanded,penetrated and scoured under the repeated action of high water pressure.Finally,in order to predict the possibility of water gushing-out,the magnitude and trend of water gushing-pressure,displacement change during deformation and failure of the rock mass resisting water gushing-out and variation of temperature field of rock mass affected by groundwater were distinguished and analyzed.They were used as early warning identification of water gushing-out disaster,and the measures were taken to control the disaster before water gushing-out happened.

关 键 词：防突水岩体 结构类型 破坏模式 渗透特征 预警判识 

分 类 号：U453.6[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]