不同控释氮肥运筹对粳稻养分吸收与氮素利用的影响  

Effects of Different Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nutrient Uptake and Nitrogen Utilization of Japonica Rice

作　　者：吕思琪 张迪[1] 徐文越[1] 陆磊 许芳维 LU Siqi;ZHANG Di;XU Wenyue;LU Lei;XU Fangwei(School of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院

出　　处：《中国稻米》2020年第1期67-71,74,共6页China Rice

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2017YFD0300503)

摘　　要：以绥粳18为供试材料,通过盆栽试验,在一次性施入控释氮肥免追肥条件下,设置不同施肥量(高、中、低、无)和施肥深度(5 cm、10 cm),探讨不同氮肥施用方式对粳稻养分吸收和氮素利用的影响。结果表明,在不同氮肥运筹条件下,粳稻各生育期氮、磷、钾的吸收、转运均存在明显的协同效应,施肥深度5 cm组,随着氮肥施用量的增加,粳稻的氮吸收总量增加,同时可促进磷的吸收,但影响幅度较小。钾变化与氮、磷变化有所不同。施肥深度10cm组,施高量氮肥抑制了粳稻对磷的吸收、减少了对氮的吸收,但有利于提高氮素利用率,对钾的吸收无显著影响。施用树脂包膜控释肥,纯氮用量为153 kg/hm^2、施肥深度5 cm、一次性施肥免追肥可获得最优水稻氮素利用效率并显著提高磷钾肥利用效率。A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different controlled release nitrogen fertilizers on nutrient uptake and nitrogen utilization of japonica rice,using Suigeng 18 as tested variety,and set high,medium and low fertilization rates and two fertilization depths of 5 cm and 10 cm.The results showed,there were obvious synergistic effects on the absorption and translocation of ni-trogen,phosphorus and potassium in different growth stages of japonica rice under different nitrogen fertilization conditions.The total nitrogen uptake of japonica rice increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate in the 5 cm fertilization depth.At the same time,it could promote the absorption of phosphorus,but the impact was small.Potassium changes were different from nitrogen and phosphorus changes.In the 10 cm depth of fertilization,high nitrogen fertilizer inhibited the absorption of phosphorus of japonica rice and decreased nitrogen uptake,but it was beneficial to increase nitrogen utilization and had no significant effect on potassium uptake.When the amount of pure nitrogen was 153 kg/hm^2,controlled release fertilizer was put in the 5 cm under the top soil onetime fertilization without topdressing could obtain the optimal nitrogen use efficiency of rice and significantly improve the utilization efficiency of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

关 键 词：粳稻 控释肥 氮素运筹 养分吸收 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S147[农业科学—肥料学] S511.062[农业科学—农业基础科学]